Boris Derjaguin
Boris Vladimirovich Derjagin (Russian Борис Владимирович Дерягин, Boris Vladimirovich Derjaguin English transcription or Derjagin, born August 9, 1902 in Moscow, † May 16, 1994 ) was a Russian chemist and physicist. He is best known for his fundamental contributions to chemistry of colloids and surfaces.
Life and work
In 1935 he became a professor in 1936 and directed until his death a private Laboratory for Surface Physics and Department sorption in the Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Soviet Academy of Sciences in Moscow.
He is known for the DLVO theory (named after Derjagin, Lev Landau, Evert Verwey, Theodoor Overbeek ) the interaction of charged surfaces in liquids, for example, for the description of colloidal dispersions and their instability as originally described by Landau and Derjagin 1941, or thin liquid films.
The Derjagin approximation ( 1934) enables the return of the interaction sufficiently large spherical particles on each other at the flat surfaces.
In 1956 he gave an experimental confirmation of the Casimir effect with II Abrikosova and Yevgeny Lifshitz. 1958 succeeded in doing so Marcus Sparnaay.
Also in 1956 ( with Boris Vladimirovich Spizyn ( English transcription: Boris Vladimirovich Spitsyn ) ) he suggested the synthesis of diamonds from gas deposition, which was at that time but not ignored. He followed the research but further and led successful experiments (1967 ), but also in the West largely unnoticed until a Soviet conference in 1971. His involvement in the Polywater Research wore back in the USA, however, to the fact that the research on this field in the United States found no promotion.
In the 1970s, he developed a theory of DMT adhesion of elastic bodies (after Derjagin, V. Muller, Y. Toporov ), which he vigorously defended against the JKR theory of KL Johnson, K. Kendall and AD Roberts. This led to the development of criteria by D. Tabor and D. Mauguis for the applicability of each of the two theories.
1962 to 1973 he was involved in the Polywater research and presented the research on anomalous water (as he called it) in England in 1966. He later distanced himself wrote it and the effects of impurities. His reputation suffered but with the participation of the Polywater research.
He also dealt with the theory of thermophoresis and osmosis.
In the discussion of cold fusion in 1989 he showed that shock waves in titanium and palladium metal bodies, which were saturated with deuterium, also were able to release neutrons.
He was a member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences ( corresponding member since 1946, a full member in 1992 ) and since 1974 the Leopoldina. In 1958 he was awarded the Lomonosov Prize and the 1991 State Prize of the USSR.
For many years he was the Russian magazine Коллоидный журнал (Eng. " Colloid Journal"; ISSN 0023-2912 ) out.