Bosphorus Bridge

41.04524729.034444Koordinaten: 41 ° 2 ' 42.9 "N, 29 ° 2' 4" O

F1

Highway O-1

Bosphorus

The Bosphorus Bridge or the First Bosphorus Bridge (Turkish: Boğaziçi Boğaz Köprüsü or Birinci Köprüsü ) is the older of the two bridges in Istanbul, spanning the Bosphorus and so connect the European with the Asian part of the city. It was opened in 1973 and connects as part of the O-1 motorway, the districts of Üsküdar and Beşiktaş together. In addition, the bridge over the TEM ( Trans European Motorway İstanbul- Ankara Otoyolu ) can be reached.

Description

The Bosphorus Bridge is a suspension bridge with six lanes, two emergency lanes and a footpath. The direction of travel of the main tracks is not fixed, but will vary depending on time of day and day of the week the traffic flow adjusted. On weekdays morning run four lanes from east to west, four in the evening from west to east, to cope with the rush-hour traffic from Asia to Europe, where there are the most jobs.

The flat section of the bridge deck connects situated on the high banks neighborhoods, the neighborhoods close to the river deep below the bridge. They crossed the Bosporus with a clear height of 64 m, so that can happen even large ships such as aircraft carriers and cruise ships.

Its length between the situated on the high banks of anchor blocks is 1560 m. The span between the pylons is 1074 m.

Her two steel pylons stand directly on the shore. They are 165 meters high and tower over the road at 105 m. Her two stems are connected by a cross bar below the bridge deck as well as by a cross bar halfway up from the ground and by a between the tips and stiffened.

Bridge deck between the pylons consists of an aerodynamically shaped, flat hollow box made of steel sheets. The Bosphorus Bridge was to the Severn Bridge, the second planned by Freeman Fox & Partners large suspension bridges in the stiffening of the road carrier no longer high truss were used, but tested in the wind tunnel hollow boxes that provide the wind little resistance and by their avoid aerodynamic shape vibrations and aeroelastic flutter.

The bridge deck is 33.4 m wide and only 3 m high. It has a 25 m wide flat top, which turns on both edges with a 1.5 m wide slope in the slightly deeper 2.5 m wide footpaths. The flat, only 18 m wide underside of the box girder is connected to the outer edges by a long incline. Therefore, the footpaths act similar to an upside-down wing.

Only that of the main bridge deck span is suspended from the supporting cable 58 cm thick, similar to the Williamsburg Bridge and Ambassador Bridge. The hangers are ( as with the Severn Bridge ) mounted diagonally so that always end up on the supporting cables and the track support two hangers at a common attachment point, thereby forming a zig -zag- shaped pattern.

The side openings consist of a steel girder construction with two narrow girders that are supported by slender steel columns. The 231 m long side opening is divided into spans of 40 3 x 45 56 m; the 255 m long opening is divided into 4 x 63,75 m long fields.

Toll

The Bosphorus Bridge is a toll road (2006: 3.00 TRY). In addition to paying at the toll station on the Asian side, a deduction was possible by radio since 1999 for regular users. From 2004, a toll payment by card or radio receiver is only possible to pay with cash was abolished as well as the occupied people with toll booths. The bridge is used daily by about 180,000 vehicles today, 1997, the billionth crossing ( 1000000001 etc. ) was counted.

History

The bridge's construction was decided in 1959 under Prime Minister Adnan Menderes. Concrete plans began in 1968 in the office Freeman Fox & Partners, headed by Gilbert Roberts and William Brown. Was commissioned to build a joint venture between the German Hochtief, the British Cleveland Bridge & Engineering Co. and the Turkish Enka. Construction began in 1970. The construction costs amounted to 23.2 million U.S. dollars. The Bosphorus Bridge on the 50th anniversary of the Turkish Republic was opened on October 29, 1973 by the then President Fahri Korutürk.

In the first four years, the bridge was open to pedestrians as well - they were transported from the Bosphorus shore at road level of elevators in the pylons. Due to numerous suicide jumps (to date approximately 100 deaths), the bridge is now closed to pedestrians.

Since 1979, the Bosphorus Bridge, Istanbul belongs to the route of the marathon, which runs from Üsküdar after Beyoglu. 1988, a second bridge was five kilometers north of the Bosphorus Bridge opened, the Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge. 2013 Began further north of the construction of a third bridge, the Yavuz Sultan Selim bridge - is to go into operation in 2015 - so planning 2013.