Boykinia

Boykinia occidentalis

Boykinia is a plant genus in the family Saxifragaceae ( Saxifragaceae ). It has a disjoint area on the northern hemisphere: mainly in North America, a style but in Japan.

• 4.1 Notes and references

Description

Vegetative characteristics

Boykinia species grow as perennial herbaceous plants and achieve depending on the type stature heights from 10 to 130 cm. They are creeping, short rhizomes as outlasting and Boykinia intermedia can something similar to stolons be present.

The upright, intense glandular and fluffy hairy stems have few to a few leaves that are similar to the basal leaves, but towards the top be slowly decreased and pass into sessile bracts. Most leaves are borne in a basal rosette of leaves and are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The petioles are hairy intense glandular. The simple fiedernervigen leaf blades are heart, kidney or almost circular lobed with heart- shaped base and weakly incised deep. The leaf margin serrate to crenate. The leaf surface is hairy to varying degrees glandular. There are Stipules present.

Generative features

Consists in a stretched composite total inflorescence with the most standing out of 5 zymösen part inflorescences to 20 ( 3-30 ) on bracts of flower stems flowers; rarely the flowers are individually.

The more or less radial symmetry flowers are hermaphroditic and fünfzählig double perianth ( perianth ). The usually green, sometimes purple flowers cup ( hypanthium ) are grown on one-half to five sixths of their length to the ovary; the free area is 0.7 to 3 mm long. The five sepals are green to purple. The top five pure white petals ( at Boykinia richardsonii sometimes with pink nerves) are always undivided. It's just a circle with five stamens present. Two carpels are fused to a two-thirds to totally under standing, two-chambered ovary. The two pens each end in a scar.

The zweischnabeligen capsule fruits contain about 50 to 500 seeds. The mostly black seeds are ellipsoid and scarred ( tuberculat ), but at Boykinia richardsonii they are smooth and brown.

The basic chromosome number is n = 7

Systematics and distribution

The genus Boykinia has a disjoint area with six species in North America and a kind in Japan.

The genus name Boykinia was founded in 1834 by Thomas Nuttall in Article A Description of some of the rare or little known plants indigenous to the United States, from the dried specimens in the herbarium of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Volume 7, part 1, pp. 113-114 first published. Type species is Boykinia aconitifolia Nutt .. The generic name honors Boykinia Samuel Boykin (1786-1848), a planter, physician and naturalist in Milledgeville, Georgia. Synonyms for Boykinia Nutt. are: Telesonix Raf, Raf Therofon, Therophon Rydb.. . orth var, Neoboykinia H.Hara.

The genus contains about Boykinia seven types:

• Boykinia aconitifolia Nutt. Thrives in damp woodland, on the shores of lakes, ponds, rivers and streams at altitudes between 300 and 1000 meters in Alberta, Georgia, Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia.
• Boykinia intermedia ( Piper ) GNJones: It thrives in temperate rain forests, on shores of lakes, ponds, rivers and streams at altitudes 10-700 meters in Oregon and Washington.
• Boykinia lycoctonifolia ( Maxim. ) Engl: It occurs only in Japan.
• Boykinia major A.Gray: It thrives in moist woodland on the banks of lakes, ponds, rivers and streams at altitudes 200-2200 meters in California, Idaho, Montana and Oregon.
• Boykinia occidentalis Torrey & A. Gray: It thrives in feuchtkaltem woodland, on the shores of lakes, ponds, rivers and streams, in swamps, often in disturbed areas and along railway tracks at altitudes 0-1400 (rarely up to 1700 ) meters in British Columbia, California, Oregon and Washington.
• Boykinia richardsonii ( Hook. ) Rothrock: It thrives in channels of rivers, grasslands and meadows, which may be open or partially shaded by willow bushes, at altitudes 0-1700 meters in the Yukon and Alaska.
• Boykinia rotundifolia Parry ex A. Gray: It thrives in feuchtkaltem woodland, on the shores of lakes, ponds, rivers and streams, often on disturbed areas and along railway tracks at altitudes 800-2000 m in California and Baja California.

Use

Little is known about the use by humans. Boykinia major and Boykinia aconitifolia are rarely used as ornamental plants in the moderate areas.

Swell

• Richard J. Gornall: Boykinia, pp. 125 - text the same online as printed work, In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee ( eds.): Flora of North America North of Mexico, Volume 8 - Paeoniaceae to Ericaceae, Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2009. ISBN 978-0-19-534026-6 (sections description, systematics, distribution and use )