Break bulk cargo

Under breakbulk (English Breakbulk ) refers basically a hybrid between bulk and general cargo, ie cargo which are loaded in large quantities. Examples are blind goods, pallet goods, steel products ( beams, plates, coils, wire ... ), forest products ( logs / logs, broken wood, lumber, pulp, paper rolls ... )

Sackgut

As Sackgut is any goods which are transported in sacks, and it may be very different products. - One can divide the goods into several groups:

• Natural products such as coffee beans, cocoa beans, soybeans, peanuts, flour, rice, pepper, onions, etc.
• Products of the chemical industry such as chemical fertilizers, synthetic rubber, resin, phosphates, etc.
• Building materials such as plaster, mortar, cement, etc.

Depending on the content, the packaging - so the bag itself - consist of different materials such as fabric, jute, paper or plastic.

While today in the trade and maritime Sackgut ie almost exclusively at the source at source will be properly stowed and shipped from the manufacturer, shipper or freight forwarder in containers, used to be the loading and unloading of a cargo ship much more costly. - The place where the bagged cargo should be stowed, had to be carefully prepared before the start of charging. Clean and dry cleaned was one of the basic requirements. In addition, corresponding Garnier had to be set ( etc 2 to 3 layers of dry boards, mats, burlap ). Bagged cargo was stowed fore and aft and lying at full use of space as possible below the deck beams.

Particular attention also had to put on a proper stowage, separation and distribution of bagged goods with different characteristics of the cargo officer. - Here are some examples:

• Fish meal, smelling strongly, therefore, never with sensitive goods to jam together. - In addition, due to the autoignition tendency in dry, well-ventilated cargo holds to be carried out in daily control measurements. - For the stowage create additional trenches and can not be guaranteed to stow below deck for optimum ventilation.
• Coffee, valuable, particularly odor and moisture-sensitive cargo should be stowed separately in clean specie rooms, if possible.
• Pepper, strong -smelling, not with odor-and moisture-sensitive cargo to jam together. Always ensure the best ventilation also because otherwise the goods spoils.
• Cement, paper bags especially sensitive to moisture and humidity, high Garnier. - Due to damage to bags not jam together with machine parts, long iron and the like
• Sackgut which contains the same chemicals of any kind, always widely separated, protect from moisture and do not jam with bagged cargo from natural products in the same deck or ship subspace.

Note also were the different storage dimensions of the individual cargoes. - Specifically, how much space / room had to provide the cargo officer for a new game to load bagged cargo. - As an example, for a ton of peeled peanuts about 1.8 m³ unshelled peanuts were free to keep, for a ton of contrast, about 3.0 m³.

Until about the mid-sixties also the transportation of mail in sacks was common. These were often loaded separately in their special rooms or small hatches on ships on regular service.

The transport of bagged goods previously done with handcarts, and later stacked on pallets with forklifts. - The loading and unloading means Ladestroppen of rope (see photo ) or by pallet. - Cargo nets were used in mail, was being carried out each with 2 people and Tally Tally Book (1 man of the country, one man of the crew on board).