Bumin Qaghan
Albumin Kagan († 552) was the founder of the first Turkish empire in history, the Göktürkischen Empire. Until the discovery of the Orkhon runes (1889 ) and the decipherment of writings on them (1893 ) by the Danish philologist Vilhelm Thomsen albumin Kagan only by his Chinese name土 门( T'u - men) was known, as he mentioned in Chinese sources been.
Name Variants
In German, this ruler is also known as " Bumin Kaghan ". In the turkologischen transliteration old Turkish names and texts the spelling albumin Kagan is in use.
The root of the Türk
According to Zhou shu (one of the incurred during the reign of the Chinese Tang Dynasty historical works ) albumin was the son of T'u -wu, grandson of the A- hsien -shih and great-grandchildren ( only known in Chinese transliteration name) of the Na -tu -liu.
Albumin Kagan came from a noble family of A- shih -na, and was the chieftain of the tribe of Turk ( türk own name, in Chinese sources t'u - Chiieh ), whose name was later to become the generic term for all Turkic peoples. Strain the door was located in the eastern Central Asia on the edge of the Altai and held the economically strategic point, the intersection of two trade routes on Altai, under his control. The one trade route linking the Orkhon valley in the east to the Ili Valley in the west. The other trade route led from the upper Yenisei River south to the Altai and Tianshan. Furthermore, it is known on the door that they were skilled blacksmiths and also export their iron products.
The tribe of Turk lived under the suzerainty of the Juan- Juan, which had spread from about 400 and a Großkonföderation were nomadic tribes. 520 the kingdom of the Juan- Juan was divided into an eastern and a western part due to dispute the throne by the Chinese. The east of the Juan- Juan- Empire got A- na -kuei, while Po -lo- men should rule the West. Po -lo- men, however, was with the territory assigned to it does not agree, so that the dispute lasted.
The victory of the door on the Juan- Juan
Probably the Turkish Kao surface, as they are called in Chinese sources, the disputes among the Juan- Juan wanted to take advantage and tried 546 to free themselves from their supremacy, what they were, however, prevented the tribe of the door, the A -na -kuei warned. Well as a sign of gratitude now wanted the leader of this tribe, albumin, the daughter of A -na- Kuei for a wife, what A- na -kuei, however, refused on the grounds that it was inappropriate to the tribe, who served the Federation as a blacksmith slaves, deliver a princess.
Albumin took this insult probably not go there, because with the same request, he now turned to the Western Wei ( a successor state to the North Wei) and got the Princess to wife. In the follow-up time it came to open the door revolt against the Juan- Juan.
In the year 552 albumin suggested the ruling house of Juan- Juan crushing and then founded his own kingdom ( khanate ). Thus albumin Kagan ruled over a Khanate, received as Göktürkisches Empire or First Turkish Empire in the history.
The reign of albumin Kagan
Albumin Kagan ruled an extremely short time when he died later the same year. No source informed of the short period of his reign. After a short time the Khanate into an eastern and a western management unit was shared as part of an overall Federation, with the eastern part formed the hegemonic power over the western part. It is unclear whether it had already come to this division of the Khanate of albumin into two administrative units from the first moment, as it was not unheard of in other Central Asian nomadic empires, or only after albumin Kagan's death.
The successor of albumin Kagan was Kuo -lo, whose name is only known from Chinese sources and who reigned 552-553. After 553 ( to 572 ), the eldest son albumin Kagan Muhan ruled the Ottoman Empire (de facto he ruled only the eastern part of the empire ), while the younger brother albumin Kagan Istemi ( perhaps identical with Sizabulos ) as Muhans representatives in the western part to 575 prevailed. De facto ruled Istemi the western part of the empire as an independent ruler.
The Orkhon runes mention Bumıns name and the name of his brother Istemi the same time and both as rulers, while they do not mention Muhans name, and thus provide an indication that it might be already come to Bumıns times to divide, but this is not yet on is proved.
Runic inscriptions
In the Kul - Tegin inscription of the Orkhon runes of 732 from the time of the second Turkish Empire there is the following representation on albumin Kagan: