Bunias orientalis

Oriental Zackenschötchen ( Bunias orientalis)

The Oriental Zackenschötchen ( Bunias orientalis), also known as Straight Zackenschötchen or Turkish rocket, is a plant belonging to the family of cruciferous plants (Brassicaceae ). It is widespread in Central Europe only area occurring Art It blooms mainly by May to August.

Appearance

The two, more rarely herbaceous perennial plant reaches a height of about 25 to 200 centimeters and has a spindle-shaped root. The stem grows erect, branched in the upper part and forms a comprehensive, total paniculate inflorescence. The stem is covered with warty bumps and densely hairy to almost glabrous. The lowest leaves are oblong- lanceolate and up to 40 centimeters long, the following are pinnately lobed and have a large, more or less triangular serrated terminal lobe and one or two side tabs. The uppermost leaves are mostly linear - lanceolate, undivided and sitting.

The petals are yellow and have a length of about 5 to 8 millimeters. The one-to bicompartmental fruit is skew- ovate, tuberculate, about 5 to 10 millimeters long and wingless. She sits on 7 to 17 mm long, erect stems protruding.

Occurrence

Popularization

Bunias orientalis comes from Siberia to Eastern and Southeastern Europe. It spreads increasingly exporting to Central and Northern Europe. In Switzerland, the type occurs only locally.

Distribution in Germany

The Oriental Zackenschötchen comes in the middle part of the territory scattered to widespread ago. In northern Germany it has hitherto rare or absent. South of the Danube is to find places. Mass deposits can now be found mainly in the warm limestone areas of Thuringia, northern Bavaria and Hessen, where the plant reproduces in particular since the 1990s strengthened.

Distribution in Austria

Neilreich reported for the first time in 1867 from specimens in the Prater, which are likely to have been introduced in the course of an agricultural exhibition or by superimposing cavalry regiments. Meanwhile, the Zackenschötchen in Austria in all provinces occurs scattered to rare, and is on the whole area in expansion. In the Pannonian region, the species is fully naturalized in other areas in places only impermanent.

Habitat requirements

The Oriental Zackenschötchen grows on roads, on waste places, fresh meadows and vineyards. It prefers calcareous, moderately dry to fresh, loamy soil. It is a light- loving plant. After Ellenberg it is a half-light plant, intermediate - continental spread, a freshness indicator, growing on moderately nitrogen-rich sites and a Verbandscharakterart Halbruderaler pioneer and loose turf companies ( Convolvulo - Elymion ( = Agropyrion ) repentis ).

Ecology and invasion biology

It is a more recently entrained in Central Europe plant ( invasive plant ), which is located in another spread. The plant can grow by leaps and bounds to the already populated locations with favorable conditions (faults, earth transport, unfavorable mowing regime ). The Oriental Zackenschötchen produces a high number of seeds that are distributed with the help of Erdtransporten, mowing, pet food and animals over long distances. Often there are first pioneer plants of freshly disturbed sites at junction boxes, lamp posts, etc., where the Oriental Zackenschötchen can spread surprisingly fast. Also, root fragments may form the origin of new local populations.

The Oriental Zackenschötchen is a Hemikryptophyt (including a two year old ) and a deep-rooting. The flowers are pollinated by insects, even self-pollination occurs. The Oriental Zackenschötchen is a steppe scooter with Velcro spread of fruit.

Combating plant

The Oriental Zackenschötchen first forms gappy, often later very dense, up to two meters high stocks, in which the often originally existing marsh vegetation is largely and in some cases almost completely displaced. After mowing the plants regenerate rapidly and form large rosettes. The most effective control of the Eastern prongs pod is in full cutting out the plant with a Unkrautstecher. A mowing can prevent the further spread, but must take place during the flowering season, to prevent Aussamen ( late time ) and so the plants do not re- form inflorescences ( to earlier time ). Treatment with herbicides may in large-area stocks are the only way to control the Oriental Zackenschötchen with reasonable effort. A mulching can promote the propagation of the plant, as a seed germination is facilitated by the method. Plants with semi- mature and mature seeds should be disposed of in an appropriate manner, so that germination can be excluded.

Use

The young and still tender shoots can be cooked or eaten as a salad. The year-long root is used like horseradish.