Candida krusei
Candida krusei, an anamorphic form of Issatchenkia orientalis, is a diploid yeast, which is ubiquitous and has been found in wine, beer, jam, meat, yogurt, fruit juices and sugar, but also in soil and waste discharge ( Do Carmo - Sousa, 1969). He is a causative agent of candidiasis and candidemia (systemic involvement of the internal organs through the bloodstream ) is known and is also used occasionally in industry. C. krusei caused candidemia, endophthalmitis ( McQuillen, 1992), endocarditis ( Rubinstein, 1975) and arthritis ( Nguyen and Penn, 1987) occur mainly in immunocompromised patients, such as cancer and AIDS patients, transplant recipients, as well as diabetics, drug addicts and patients with hematological malignancies. C. krusei can in immunocompetent persons Windeldermatitiden, skin and nail mycoses ( Evans, 1999; Rao et al, 2004. ), Vaginal thrush ( Singh et al, 2002. ) And infections of the oral cavity in teeth carriers ( Holmstrup, 1999) trigger.
Features
The yeast cells are ellipsoidal to cylindrical, 4-5 x 2-5 microns in size. On Sabouraud agar off-white, rough colonies formed at 37 ° C with a pseudomycelium.
Industrial Application
Cocoa beans must be in chocolate production to catch up in order to eliminate the bitter taste and to certain ingredients, fermented. This takes place with the two fungi, C. krusei, and Geotrichum candidum, which are usually already present on the seed. The yeast cells produce enzymes that break down the flesh of the cocoa fruit (the pulp). In this case, acetic acid is formed, with a chocolate flavor develops and the bitterness is eliminated in the beans.
C. krusei is also suitable for improving the ripening of Limburger cheese, for deacidification of sour milk cheese and to support the production of baker's yeast. C. krusei produces ethanol without production of succinic acid, an advantage in the production of ethanol. Its thermal tolerance refers to further utility in industrial applications.
Diagnosis
For the detection of C. krusei, several methods are available:
- Detection from swabs and their microscopic examination
- Of sputum smear
- Blood test by antibody or leukocyte
- Culture on Sabouraud agar: white to off-white colony with wrinkled dislocations, irregular colony margins, in addition, a fungal antibiogram
- Antigen test for systemic infection has no significance
- Fine longitudinal stripe in fingernail onychomycosis in
- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Genetic Engineering
Typical fungal enolase gene coding sequence is 1300 bp long and encodes a 440 amino acid polypeptide comprising. Excluding the primer sequences, the amplified PCR product contained 1264 bp of C. krusei enolase gene sequence of a 353 amino acid sequence was derived. This corresponds to 92 % of the total C. krusei gene sequence. The C. krusei enolase gene is interrupted by introns. Such an interruption of the enolase gene by an intron was first mentioned in Neocallimastix frontalis.
Treatment
C. krusei has a higher resistance to fluconazole and itraconazole than other Candida species. He is often found in patients who have already been treated with fluconazole, which sparked the discussion of prophylactic use of fluconazole.
C. krusei but is sensitive .. to voriconazole, amphotericin B, miconazole, and fungal agents such as micafungin, Mycostatin, caspofungin, anidulafungin and In dentistry is effective according to the latest researches chitosan
The mortality rate for C. krusei is much higher than in Candida albicans. Other Candida species in this category are: Candida parapsilosis, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, Candida guillermondii and Candida rugosa.