Caryocar

Souarinussbaum, also known as butternut, ( Caryocar nuciferum ), illustration

The Caryocar ( Syn: .. .. PEKEA Aubl, Rhizobolus ex Gaertn Schreb, Saouari Aubl ) are a genus of flowering plants in the family of Caryocaraceae within the order of Malpighienartigen ( Malpighiales ).

Dissemination

The types have their areas only in the Neotropics. Most species there are in the Amazon.

Description

All species are woody evergreen plants: mostly trees, rarely shrubs. They all have hard wood. The mostly opposite, leathery, stalked leaves are usually three parts, sometimes five parts, and the leaflets usually have a serrated or toothed margins. There are (usually) Stipules present.

The flowers are usually too many together in racemose inflorescences. In the large, radial symmetry flowers are hermaphroditic and usually five, rarely sechszählig. There are five to six sepals and petals present. The flowers contain 50 to 200 extra long stamens. Four to 20 carpels are fused to a syncarp, superior ovaries, with four to 20 free pencils. The types of Fledertieren ( Chiroptera ) pollinated ( Chiropterophilie ). The stone fruits are oily.

Use

The Souarinussbaum, even butternut or indie Noto called ( Caryocar nuciferum L., Syn: Caryocar villosum ( Aubl. ) Pers, Cayocar butyrosum ( Aubl. ) Willd, Caryocar tomentosum Willd, Caryocar tuberculosum ( Aubl. ) Baill. .. ., PEKEA tuberculosa Aubl. ) is reached a large tree, the growth heights of up to 50 meters. His stone fruits have a yellowish, fibrous mesocarp and endocarp is very hard. The mesocarp can be eaten after an hour of cooking and contains a proportion of 76 % oil. The white seed is very tasty and supplies an Pekannussöl like fat. The wood is estimated, for example, for boat building. About seven other species of the genus Caryocar be used similarly. Also from fruits of Caryocar amygdaliferum and Caryocar brasiliense oil is extracted.

The fruits of species of the genus are used as fish poison in the catch.

Ingredients

As important ingredients they contain triterpene saponins.

System

In the genre of Caryocar there are about six to 15 species:

  • Caryocar amygdaliferum Mutis: with edible fruits.
  • Caryocar barbinerve Miq. Homeland is the Brazilian state of Bahia.
  • Caryocar brasiliense Cambess: home is Brazil, . With edible seeds.
  • Caryocar coriaceum Wittm. Constituents of the fruit are edible.
  • Caryocar costaricense Thu. Sm: Based in Costa Rica and Panama, has a popular wood, whose trade name is Piquia. The species is listed in CITES Appendix II.
  • Caryocar cuneatum Wittm.
  • Caryocar glabrum pers. Using edible fruits.
  • Caryocar intermedium Wittm.
  • Called Souarinussbaum, even butternut or indie Noto, ( Caryocar nuciferum L., Syn: Caryocar villosum ( Aubl. ) Pers, Cayocar butyrosum ( Aubl. ) Willd, Caryocar tomentosum Willd, Caryocar tuberculosum ( Aubl. ) Baill. .. . PEKEA tuberculosa Aubl ). homeland is Colombia, Peru and Venezuela.
  • Caryocar microcarpum Ducke: with edible fruits.
  • Caryocar montanum Prance: home is Guyana, Venezuela and Brazil.
  • Caryocar tomentosum Willd. Using edible fruits.
  • Brazilian Oak ( Caryocar villosum ( Aubl. ) Pers. ): Parts of the fruits are edible. Hard wood with versatile use.

Pictures

Caryocar brasiliense:

Flowers and stalked, three-part leaves

Flowers and stalked, three-part leaves

Drupes

Rosids Range (biology) Amazon Basin Ovary (botany)
168283
de