Cerebrum

The telencephalon (. AltGr τέλος, telos = dt " end " and ἐγκέφαλος, egkephalos = "brain" ), dt " Cerebrum " ( Syn: cerebrum ) is a part of the central nervous system and is the largest of the five sections of the brain.

Although the Latin word translates cerebrum actually " (Ge) brain " is, therefore includes the brain as a whole ( and technical terminology also used above), is " cerebrum " in the jargon also for the cerebrum. (Prop, " the brain concerning " ) As a result, the adjective "cerebral " technical terminology also for " the cerebrum concerning " used.

Anatomy

Division into cortex and medulla

The fabric of the telencephalon can be similar to the cerebellum or kidneys divided into cortex and brain marrow.

Historical development division

As has been the brain in its entirety, provides also the telencephalon (or in his bark) and a phylogenetic embryogenetic distinction to.

Paleocortex

The Paleocortex (synonyms: paleopallium or paleopallium ) is the most primitive type of the cerebral cortex that covers the " old brain ". It is an evolutionary concept. The Paleocortex is located on the front lower part of the hemispheres. The limit to the neocortex is the sulcus lateralis rhinalis. The Paleocortex is responsible for the sense of smell and is therefore also called olfactory bulb ( rhinencephalon ) refers. Important structures are:

• Olfactory bulb ( olfactory bulb )
• Olfactory peduncle
• Olfactory tract lateralis et medialis
• Olfactory trigone

The Paleocortex is part of the Allocortex. Allocortex denotes the histological peculiarities of the cerebral cortex and is not primarily developmental designation.

Archicortex

The archicortex (synonym: Archipallium ) is evolutionarily to be regarded as an intermediate stage between Paleocortex and neocortex. An independent from the olfactory apparatus of the cerebral cortex occurs in passing the first time in reptiles on, is to be distinguished histologically from the neocortex. Through the development of the neocortex of archicortex is reduced in extent and displaced to the inside of the temporal lobe.

The archicortex consists of the hippocampus, dentate gyrus and fimbria fornix and also belongs to the limbic system, which play a key role in the processing of emotional content is ascribed. These formations of the Archicortex belong to the so-called boundary arcs. By Kommissurenbahnen of the corpus callosum as a formation of the neocortex of these boundary arc is divided into an inner and outer boundary arcs. To the outer edge bow also includes the cingulate gyrus and the indusium griseum. The latter is topographically a continuation of the dentate gyrus dar. Histologically the archicortex belongs to Allocortex. However, the cingulate gyrus is histologically counted for isocortex.

Neocortex

The neocortex (synonyms: neopallium or neocortex ) is the evolutionarily youngest, and most differentiated part of the brain. Under the neocortex can largely understand the cerebral cortex (cortex cerebri). However, both names are not identical, see also the methodological differentiation of the various terms and histological membership of the neocortex to the isocortex.

Division into hemispheres

The telencephalon consists of two hemispherical Endhirnhälften ( hemispheres ) and the underlying ( subcortical ) cores.

The two hemispheres of both sides are connected by three cross paths ( commissures ):

• Corpus callosum (bar )
• Anterior commissure
• Commissure of the fornix

The superficial part of the hemispheres is the cerebral cortex ( cortex ). Most of the term pallium ( cerebral mantle ) is used synonymously for use. The cerebral cortex is divided into three sections: paleo-, archi- and neocortex ( - pallium ).

Lobe

The cerebral cortex can be divided into five or six lobes divided. Four of them lie on the surface (see picture), the island flap and the limbic lobe, which is seen by some experts as the sixth lobe, lie at depth.

Subcortical nuclei

The subcortical nuclei surround the sides and the belly side of the thalamus. They are also referred to as the basal ganglia. Due to the pulling through of fibers and to the cortex, a portion of these nuclei, a striped appearance, and therefore they are referred to as the corpus striatum ( striate body ).