Chalus, Iran
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Chalus (also całus or Chalus, Persian چالوس ) is a city in Iran. It is located in the province of Māzandarān, right on the coast of the Caspian Sea. Chalus has about 48,000 inhabitants. The city is located on an alluvial flood plain of the river deltas of the same Gebirgflusses Chalus, which rises in the Kandovanbergen and south of the Takht - i-Suleiman.
A few kilometers west of the town there is called a tourist resort area, Namakābrūd, Tourist City. There are two cable cars that climb up a mountain. Approximately 8 km east lies the town Nouschahr. Between the two cities there is an airport. From Chalus performs an important overland and pass road through the Alborz Mountains by Karaj and thus in the capital Tehran.
History
Islamic historians such as al - Mas ʿ udi and Ibn al - Athir reported a castle with strong fortifications in Chalus, which was destroyed by the 914 Zaiditenherrscher Hasan al - Utrusch. Even earlier historians describe Chalus as a place on the western border Tabaristans and had according to al - Muqaddasi a Friday mosque and a stone castle. 760 to have been stationed here 500 Muslim soldiers. In the year 797 rose the inhabitants against their Arab overlords, but the revolt was quickly and bloodily suppressed by the Arab governor. 973/74 was the Saffaride Yaqub ibn al - Laith in Tabaristan and devastated Chalus, but a year later was the local ruler Hasan bin Zaid Chalus burn down because of alleged support Yaqub ibn al - Laith. During the Buyidenherrschaft Chalus still had a certain importance.
The Iranian kings of the Qajar and Pahlavidynastie had the valley of Kelārdascht north of Chalus chosen as a hunting and recreation area.
Until 1931 Chalus was just a village that was then extended on behalf of the Iranian ruler Reza Shah Pahlavi to become a model. This was directly related to the construction of the 202 km long highway from Tehran over the Kandovanpass Chalus by the sea, which was completed in 1931-1933, together. A hotel and a Chalus parallel, built a harbor on the mountain pass. Within a short time, industrial, commercial and tourist facilities and buildings were built. About the Tschalusfluss a steel bridge was built. The heart of the new city was a factory of 1933 for the production of silk goods in the foreign workers were employed. The factory produced annually 1,500 tons of goods. With the factory Chalus came as one of the first cities in Iran enjoy the benefits of electricity and modern sewage systems. Workers' housing estates were built as well as mansions for the factory owners and wealthy inhabitants.
The prosperity of the city abruptly ended with the Second World War, the Soviet occupation of northern Iran and in exile Reza Shah. The population declined, as factories were closed or moved to other cities. 1956 Chalus had almost 10,000 inhabitants. Other nearby cities developed by tourism on the Caspian Sea. Nowadays Chalus is one of the slowest- growing cities in the province (1.6% per year). From the industrial city, a tourist town has become the home to four major hotels, a campsite and a bazaar. Many people from Tehran spend their weekends in Chalus.
The inhabitants speak an eastern dialect of the Gilaki.