Chełm
Chelm [ xɛwm ] (Ukrainian and Russian Холм / Chelm ) is a town in Poland, in the Lublin Voivodeship east of Lublin, near the border with Ukraine. The city is a city district, where about 68,000 people live. The name comes from Old Slavic Chelm Chelm and means " hill ".
- 6.1 External links
- 6.2 footnotes
History
The first written evidence of the existence of a settlement dates from the year 981, when the city was mentioned in Old Russian chronicles as part of the Principality of Halych. 1018-1031 the city was temporarily under Polish rule. 1220, the site was part of an orthodox diocese. 1237 Daniel of Halych was here to create a fortress. 1240 the headquarters of the Principality of Halych was moved to Chelm, as the city was on important trade routes. 1366, the city became part of Poland and received a Catholic diocese. On January 14, 1392 Location received city rights by Polish king Władysław II Jagiello according to Magdeburg law. 1795, the city fell to Austria. 1809 she came to the Duchy of Warsaw and in 1815 into the newly created autonomous Kingdom of Poland.
1867 Chelm county seat was and remained so until 1912, when it was for the remaining years of Russian rule capital of a province ( governorate Chelm ). In 1877 the town was granted a connection to the railway network, which was important for the development of the city. In the bread of peace in 1918, the regency Kingdom Poland Chelm should cede to the Ukrainian People's Republic, for which it did not come. 1936, a sewer for the whole town was laid out. During the German occupation of Poland from 1939 Chelm belonged to the General Government. During this time, almost all the Jews living there were gassed in the nearby extermination camp Sobibor. In July 1944, the Red Army reached the city and freed them. In 1975, the city was under an administrative reform capital its own province, but lost this status in 1999, in a further reform was again and again acyclic and county seat of Powiats same name.
Attractions
- Castle Hill with the remains of a castle dating from the 13th century
- The late Baroque Catholic Basilica of the Nativity of Mary ( Bazylika mniejsza pw Narodzenia Marii Panny Najświętszej ) was built in 1735-56 as uniertes church, designed by Paolo Fontana
- The construction of the late Baroque church of the sending of the apostles ( Kościół pw Rozesłania Sw. Apostolov ) was also designed by Paolo Fontana and executed 1736-63
- The baroque palace of the Uniate bishops
- Former Basilian
- The baroque Ustyluher Gate ( Brama Uściługska )
- Relics of chalk mining in Chelm are chalk tunnels ( Podziemia Kredowe )
Twin Cities
- Knoxville (USA)
- Kovel (Ukraine )
- Morlaix ( France)
- Sindelfingen ( Germany )
- Utena (Lithuania )
Personalities
Sons and daughters of the town
- Ania Dabrowska ( born 1981 ), singer
- Ida Haendel, violinist ( b. 1928 ), among other things, student by Carl Flesch
- Mychajlo Hruschewskyj (1866-1934), Ukrainian historian and politician
- Grzegorz Raniewicz (born 1970 ), Polish politician
- Marian Zielinski (1929-2005), weight
Other personalities who are associated with the city
- Daniel Romanovich of Galicia (1201-1264), Russian prince
- Jakub Uchański (1502-1581), Bishop of Chelm
The Chelmer fools
In Jewish humor is the city and its inhabitants, many of the stories are told, a symbol of stupidity, comparable to the shield citizens ( with JB Singer and others). This tradition is the German animated film based on The rogues of rogue from the year 1995.