Clupeiformes

Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus )

The herring -like ( Clupeiformes ) are an order of bony fishes ( Osteichthyes ). They are mostly marine shoal fish that feed on plankton, small fish and shrimp. Many herring -like have great economic importance for fisheries. A typical example is the Atlantic herring, which is also found in North and Baltic Sea.

Features

Herring -like have a slender, spindle-shaped, laterally flattened body. It is covered by silvery cycloid scales. Herring -like have only one, lying in the middle of the back dorsal fin. The pelvic fins are located in the middle of the body. All fins have only soft rays. A lateral line is present only on the head. Most species have long and numerous gill Reuse rays as percolator. Parasphenoidzähne missing. The parietal bones ( parietal ) are separated by the supraoccipital. One feature that only have the herring -like fish and the other groups is missing is the " lateral recess ", an otic notch in the neurocranium, which is formed by the union of sensory channels ( infraorbital canal and Präopercularkanal ).

The largest species, the predatory wolf herring ( Chirocentrus dorab ), is one meter long.

System

There are two sub-orders, six families, 84 genera and about 376 species.

  • Subordination Denticiptoidei Teeth - Herrings ( Denticipitidae )
  • Wolf herring ( Chirocentridae )
  • Round herring ( Dussumieriidae )
  • Herrings ( Clupeidae ) Subfamily Alosinae
  • Subfamily Clupeinae
  • Subfamily Fadenflossige Alsen ( Dorosomatinae )
  • Subfamily Pellonulinae
  • Subfamily Coiliinae
  • Subfamily Engraulinae

Phylogeny

The possible relationship of the families and subfamilies of herring -like shows the following cladogram according to Li & Orti, which was created by analysis and comparison of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences of 37 species of herring. It shows that neither the order nor the monophyly of the family of herrings ( Clupeidae ) is secure. Surprisingly, the Denticipitidae here are the sister group of Ostariophysi. Anatomically, however, they are clearly among the herring -like. Your actual position must demonstrate future investigations. Betancur -R. et al. (2013 ) do not confirm the spin-off of Denticipitidae from the Clupeiformes shown here.

Ostariophysi

Teeth - Herrings ( Denticipitidae )

Coiliinae

Engraulinae

Wolf herring ( Chirocentridae )

Round herring ( Dussumieriidae )

Clupeinae (Clupea )

Beilbauchheringe ( Pristigasteridae )

Pellonulinae

Clupeinae ( Harengula, Sardinella, Opisthonema )

Fadenflossige Alsen ( Dorosomatinae )

Sundasalangidae

Clupeinae ( sardines)

Alosinae

Teleostei Taxonomic rank#All ranks Edwin Stephen Goodrich Sundasalanx Genealogical DNA test Joseph S. Nelson FishBase
194895
de