Coenonympha glycerion
Red Brown Heath ( Coenonympha glycerion )
The Red-brown Heath ( Coenonympha glycerion ) is a butterfly ( butterfly ) from the family of Nymphalidae ( Nymphalidae ). It is spread from Spain to Europe and Siberia to North Korea. The moths fly in a single generation, in Central Europe, most of mid-June to late July. The caterpillars feed on various grasses.
- 8.1 Literature
- 8.2 Notes and references
Features
The male moths are oberseits chestnut brown, the hind wings are slightly darker. Rare orange rings on the outer edge of the hind wings are indicated. In females with significantly lighter forewings these rings are pronounced much more common. The forewing underside is orange with a wide gray outer edge. The orange-brown hindwing underside has a narrow orange binding on the outer edge and a number of different sizes, weißgekernter eye patch with black rings in the marginal region, on the inner edge there is a mostly two-piece, irregular, white bandage. Size and number of ocelli varies regionally, in higher long they can also be completely absent.
Subspecies
- Ssp. glycerion ( Borkhausen, 1788)
- Ssp. iphioides Staudinger, 1870 occurs in central and north-eastern Spain, is larger and has on the hindwing underside getting six ocelli. on the front upper wing surface lacking the eyespot at the apex. Darker, slightly gray forms occur on moist, acidic soil. In the highlands of the Pyrenees and the Montes Universal hybrids come with the nominate before ( f pearsoni Romei )
- Ssp. korshunovi Nekrutenko from Aj- Petri mountain in Crimea is similar to the height form the south-western Alps
Synonyms
- Papilio Iphis, Coenonympha Iphis Denis & Schiffer Müller, 1775 (invalid homonym )
- Coenonympha iphioides Staudinger, 1870.
Similar Species
- Forest Heath ( Coenonympha hero )
- White divalent Heath ( Coenonympha arcania )
- Alpine Heath ( Coenonympha gardetta )
Occurrence
In central and northeastern Spain, the subspecies iphioides from the Cantabrian Mountains and the Pyrenees happens to Montes Universal. This is in the Eastern Pyrenees Aragon and a hybrid zone with the Nominatunterart. The northwestern boundary of the spread of Nominatunterart in Europe passes through South and Central France, Germany, Poland, the Baltic States to return to southern Finland. To the south it is common in Italy to the middle Apennines and on the Balkan peninsula to the Ropoden in northern Greece. To the east, across Siberia and the Caucasus to North Korea widespread.
In Europe the species is usually in high altitude 250-1800 meters. In Spain, it rises only up to 1600 meters, in the northern Alps to 1500 meters above sea level and in the West Alps it rises up to 2100 meters. Here occur on the bottom almost unmarked height forms ( f Bertolis Prunner, 1798), the genetically but hardly differ and their subspecies status is no longer recognized.
Way of life
The Red-brown heath lives both in dry and in wet grassy and shrubbery rich areas and forest clearings. The most important nectar plant is the Dost (Origanum vulgare ), which often flourishes in areas in large numbers. In addition, the butterflies also on field - thyme (Thymus pulegioides ) were Big Brown Elle ( Prunellu grandiflora ) and other purple flowering plants observed.
In Central Europe the semi- mature caterpillar overwinters in the third stage.
As a food plant of the caterpillars are different types of grass, on which the eggs are deposited. Proved are forest - Zwenke ( Brachypodium sylvaticum ), Meadow Crest grass ( Cynosurus cristatus ), mid Quaking ( Briza media ), Eyelash Melick ( Melica ciliata ), Upright Brome ( Bromus erectus ), soft brome ( Bromus hordeaceus ), Genuine sheep - fescue ( Festuca ovina ), Common Red fescue ( Festuca rubra), purple moor grass ( Molinia caerulea) and timothy grass ( Phleum pratense).
Flight time
The moths fly in a single generation, in Central Europe, most of mid-June to late July, to warm places but as early as mid-May and the end of August at higher altitudes ( Bavaria and Austria ) and in Spain.
Threats and conservation
The Red-brown Heath is not endangered in Austria, in Bavaria near threatened ( category V) and in Baden- Württemberg at risk ( category 3).