Comb binding
The stapling of books is the connection of the individual sheets of paper, or folded sheets of paper into a booklet or book block. In most cases a thread ( thread stitching ) or wire ( saddle stitched ) is used. It also distinguishes the mechanical or industrial stapling and hand-stitch.
The stitching is generally after dressing the documents and attaching the resolutions. On stapling the Ableimen the spine follows.
When stapling is always the thread size and the paper of the book block to be observed. Too thick a hard yarn on to paper results in a high gradient in the book block, i.e. to the book block spine at the much thicker than the front section.
- 5.1 Durchausheftung
- 5.2 Wechselheftung
- 6.1 stitch on sunken frets
- 6.2 stitch on raised bindings
- 6.3 stitch on tapes
- 6.4 stitch on aufgeschabte frets
- 7.1 Aktenstichheftung
- 7.2 Dutch
- 7.3 Coptic Stitch
- 7.4 Langstichheftung
- 7.5 needles
- 7.6 Spiralheftung
- 7.7 Schraubenheftung
- 7.8 steppes
History
The first stitches were made without frets. The connecting link between the individual layers was the stitching thread. With advent of the wooden lid, this connection was not stable enough; were introduced frets, which not only stabilized the book block, but also led to a better connection between the book block and cover. These early stitches have had no Fitzbund; the task of Fitzbundes took over first the capital. They were during the stitching with wrapped.
Early stitches are also the Langstichheftungen, which was stapled by the cover. The externally visible stitching thread was subsequently decorated.
In other medieval stapling styles the collars lay on their backs, and were therefore also by cover material - the solid back - visible and shared back into fields. Only in the 16th century to the 17th an attempt was made to obtain a smooth as possible back. One went to sink over the frets in the back; the back was sawn. With the advent of the bands and the hollow back an equally smooth back could be achieved, so that today the frets are sunk in the back only in individual cases.
In the course of industrialization, finally, the stitching was mechanized. The time-consuming process of stapling was significantly shortened by stitching machines.
Today, most of the books are no longer stitched with thread or wire, but perfect bound.
Hand-stitch
In the hand bookbinding is stapled usually with the help of the sewing frame with a slightly waxed twine on frets. First, the federal government division is made, that is, the position of two Fitzbünden and the stapling frets set. The frets are then fixed in certain positions in the booklet tray. In the subsequent stitch the Quite or Wechselheftung is applied. It generally begins with the last layer.
Maschinenheftung
In industrial bookbinding stitching is generally performed with the stapling machine with wire or thread. In automatic saddle-stitching is often tacked on gauze. If multiple threads are used, these are connected by nodes or with the help of thread sealing together at the spine ( Dutch ) are. If stapled without gauze, one speaks of a Broschierstich.
The saddle-stitched with wire staples on gauze is well known for books of the 19th to 20th centuries. Today it is specially made through the resulting rust stains in the middle position attention to them.
The stapling is in industrial bookbinding more widespread than in hand bookbinding and can be performed with wire or thread.
Distinction by stapling location
Saddle-stitched
The back stitch or saddle stitching is a longitudinal bond. In this type of stitch the individual printed sheets or layers are pierced with wire or thread through the back fold from the inside out. It is usual in multi-layer book and is used both in the hand, as well as in the Maschinenheftung.
The saddle stitching machine was out earlier with wire staples on gauze, today one preferably uses a sewn binding. Only for single-layer products, such as magazines is still stapled with wire staples in the Falzmitte.
It is important that the binder straps are not pierced when stapling, so there is no tension in the subsequent rounding back.
Stapling
The stapling or Seitstichheftung is a cross bond. It is usually used in conjunction with saddle stitching and mostly used in brochures. It denotes a Seitlichheftung, namely that the whole book block is as close as possible punctured at the back with two or more staples across.
But it will also run with threads or strips as hand-stitch, primarily in historical books from Japan and China ( Japanese book cover ).
Through this type of stapling the books in general be harder hit; how hard depends on the volume of the book block and the paper used.
Distinction by stapling output
Durchausheftung
The Durchausheftung is the now common stitch with thread on frets. The thread is passed when Fitzbund in the middle position, the first covenant he is brought back to the outside, around the collar around and back out to the inside and so on up to the second Fitzbund. The Fitzbund connects ( entangled ) the layers to one another.
Wechselheftung
Also Wechselstichheftung. While to toe lies in a booklet location in the Durchausheftung the basting thread from the head, the Wechselheftung recorded two stitching layers with a thread; it changes each time the covenant in the adjacent layer. In each issue position then only half the thread length. Advantages of this stitch are the faster hand stitching, the lower material consumption and lower back slope. The main disadvantage is the lower shelf. The Wechselheftung was also used in books with real, sublime stitching frets.
A Durchausheftung is preferred whenever possible a Wechselstichheftung. The Wechselstichheftung is now used only rarely.
Distinction on the form of collars
Stitch on sunken frets
In this stapling output the frets are sunk in the back. The sawing of the spine is a deliberate damage to the paper. It is sawn with a saw such as a foxtail in position of the stapler frets the clamped a hand or padding Press book block. The resulting pit should be just large enough to hold the stitching cord. On Fitzbund only a small pit is dug for the stitching thread and the knots.
The result is a smooth back. The stitching is made much easier, since the stitch holes no longer need to be pricked with the stitching needle.
They are used for cardboard, half and full clothbound editions and half calf.
Stitch on raised bindings
In this stapling output the frets at the back as an increase are visible. It can be used for half-or full band Franz. In these cases, the stitching thread is around and returned to the cords through the same hole. By the order of the cord, the impact of the book block will be difficult. A distinction is made here between the stitch on a simple collar and double flange, depending on the use of a cord or two cords per bunch.
Stitch on tapes
This stitch is used for notes, writing and books. Through this stapling output a flat resting of books is assured. In severe business books is not on both sides almost to the belts, but alternately stung by the band during stapling.
Vellum bindings can be stapled on Pergamentriemchen that will later be drawn by the fold.
Stitch on aufgeschabte frets
This type is a variant of the stitch on bands: The cords are frayed or aufgeschabt and then lie relatively flat on your back on. It is often used for the half or full band Franz.
Special Issue techniques
Aktenstichheftung
It is also called Heftheftung, Schulbuchheftung or Knotenrückstichheftung. It is only used for single-layer products. A typical example is exercise books. In Aktenstichheftung three stitches of thread is guided in the center of the inside to the outside, and then guided by a further hole at the top back to the inside through a third hole in the foot to the outside again. Finally, it is brought through the center hole back into the booklet inside, where it is knotted at the beginning. There is also a Aktenstichheftung on five stitches.
Dutch
Is a stapling output that is applied in particular for brochures. Here, a sewn binding is usually carried out by machine, the thread end hanging out at the back and are then joined together at the Ableimen of the back. It is not a stable stapling.
Coptic stitch
In the Coptic stitch is dispensed issue frets. The connection between the individual layers is done by the entanglement of the stitching yarn just to be stapled to the previous location and is approximately a Fitzbund comparable. The Coptic stitch gets its name from the prayer books of the Coptic monks, who are bound in this technique. A special feature of the Coptic stitch is that the envelope ( book cover ) is also connected by entangling the stitching thread with the layers. This allows open completely flat the book. We call this combination of book block and cover Coptic paperback.
Langstichheftung
She came on in the 14th century and is also known as Aktenheftung. It is a kind of Aktenstichheftung because was not tacked on frets. In their place was tacked onto strips of leather, wood, or horn, the outside were on the cover. The staple filaments were curved needle attached to the divided puncture holes through the back and concatenated with the previous stitch. This often later decorative interlacing between the tacking threads were attached ( Copert or Kopert ).
Needles
Needling is a preparation for the stitch on frets. This one summarizes individual pages by a special type of stapling with a longitudinal stitch or overlock stitch together. These pages are then stapled as individual layers on frets. This technique is rarely used today.
Spiralheftung
The spiral binding also known as spiral binding, combines the individual pages by a spiral of wire or plastic on the spine. The book block is usually protected by mitgehefteten cardboard or plastic.
Schraubenheftung
In this stitch cover and pages are linked by binding screws.
Quilting
Small notebooks, pocket calendar, etc. can be easily stitched in the center fold with a stapler.