Consolida

Ordinary field Larkspur ( Consolida regalis ), typical spurred flowers

The field Larkspur ( Consolida ) are a genus of flowering plants of the family Ranunculaceae ( Ranunculaceae ). They are related to larkspurs ( Delphinium ) near similar and with them. There are about 40 species in this genus, all of which are annuals.

The parts of the plant contain diterpene alkaloids and are therefore toxic.

Description

Field larkspur species grow as annual herbaceous plants. The change-constant leaves are stalked and fiederteilig.

In terminal, simple or branched, racemose inflorescences are 3-45 (rarely to 75) flowers with foliage leaf-like bracts. The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and spurred long. There are two Blütenhüllblattkreise available. The colors of the bracts range from different shades of blue to white or rarely yellow. Of the five outer bloom cladding the upper spurred and encloses the inner two, spurred bloom. Of the three to five internal, free two bloom cladding containing a nectar spur are fused; the others are ungespornt. There are many stamens present. It's just a constant upper carpels present with many ovules. The stylus has no discernible scar. They are pollinated by butterflies and bumble bees ( entomophily ).

Are formed with reticulate surface narrow follicles. The dark brown to black seeds have three blades.

Dissemination

The Consolida species have areas in the temperate and subtropical regions of North America, Eurasia, Africa. In Australia, a species is an invasive plant.

Systematics and distribution

The scientific genus name Consolida is derived from the Latin word consolidare for mooring and has thus probably indicate its former importance as a medicinal plant. The genus belongs to the tribe Consolida Delphinieae in the subfamily Ranunculoideae within the Ranunculaceae family.

There are about 40 field larkspur species ( Consolidation ) ( selection):

  • Consolida Aconiti (L.) Lindl home. Turkey (also in the European part ), Asia Minor
  • Garden field Larkspur ( Consolida ajacis (L.) Schur ), Origin: Europe (mainly in the south) naturalized, Asia, North America
  • Consolida anthoroidea ( Boiss. ) Schrödinger, Origin: Asia Minor
  • Consolida armeniaca ( Stapf ex Huth ) F. C. Schrad, home. Asia Minor
  • Axilliflora Consolida ( DC.) Schrödinger, Origin: Western Asia
  • Consolida brevicornis ( Vis. ) Soó, Origin: Yugoslav and Greek islands in the Adriatic
  • Consolida camptocarpa ( Fisch. & CAMey ex Ledeb. . ) Nevski, Origin: the Caspian Sea
  • Consolida cornuta ( P.H. Davis & M. Hossain ) P.H. Davis, Origin: Asia Minor
  • Consolida cruciata ( P.H. Davis & M. Hossain ) P.H. Davis, Origin: Asia Minor
  • Consolida glandulosa ( Boiss. & A. Huet ) Bornm, home. Asia Minor
  • Consolida hellespontica ( Boiss. ) Chater, Origin: Bulgaria, Greece, in the previous Jugoslaweien, Western Asia
  • Oriental field larkspur, or Spanish field Larkspur ( Consolida hispanica (Costa) Greuter & Burdet; Syn: Consolida orientalis ( J.Gay ) Schrödinger ), home to Europe, northwest Africa, Asia,
  • Consolida hohenackeri ( Boiss. ) Grossh, home. Southwest Asia
  • Consolida lineolata Hub. -Mor. & Simon, Origin: Asia Minor
  • Consolida mauritanica ( Cosson ) Munz, Origin: Spain, Algeria, Morocco
  • Oliveriana Consolida ( DC.) Schrödinger, Origin: Western Asia
  • Consolida olopetala ( Boiss. ) Hayek, Origin: Asia Minor
  • Consolida persica ( Boiss. ) Grossh. , Occurs in Asia Minor
  • Consolida phrygia ( Boiss. ) Soó, with two subspecies, Origin: Bulgaria, Greece, former Yugoslavia, Turkey, Asia Minor
  • Consolida pubescens ( DC.) Soó, Origin: Spain, France, Italy, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco
  • Consolida raveyi ( Boiss. ) Schrödinger, Origin: Turkey (also in the European part ), Asia Minor
  • Ordinary field Larkspur ( Consolida regalis Gray), Origin: Europe, Middle East, Western Siberia
  • Consolida rugulosa ( Boissier ) Schrödinger, Origin: Iran, Turkmenistan
  • Consolida saccata ( Huth ) P.H. Davis, occurs in Asia Minor
  • Consolida scleroclada ( Boiss. ) Schrödinger, Origin: Western Asia
  • Consolida staminosa P.H. Davis & Sorger, Origin: Asia Minor
  • Consolida stapfiana P.H. Davis & Sorger, Origin: Asia Minor
  • Consolida stenocarpa (PH Davis & M. Hossain ) PH Davis, Origin: Asia Minor
  • Consolida sulphurea ( Boiss. & Hausskn. ) P.H.Davis
  • Consolida tenuissima ( Sibthorp & Smith ) Soó, Origin: Greece
  • Consolida thirkeana ( Boiss. ) Bornm, home. Turkey, Asia Minor
  • Consolida tomentosa ( diver ex Boiss. ) Schrödinger, is found in the Near East
  • Consolida tuntasiana ( Halácsy ) Soó, Origin: Greece
  • Consolida uechtritziana ( Huth ) Soó, Origin: Balkan Peninsula.

Swell

  • Wang Wencai & Michael J. Warnock: Consolidation in the Flora of China, Volume 6, 2001, p 274: Online.
  • Michael J. Warnock: Consolidation in the Flora of North America, Volume 3: Online.
  • B. Richardson: Consolidation in the Western Australian Flora, 2008.
  • Jaakko Jalas, Juha Suominen: Atlas florae Europaeae. Volume 8 ( Nymphaeaceae to Ranunculaceae ). Page 68-74, Helsinki 1989. ISBN 951-9108-07-6
Agricultural Research Service Werner Greuter
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