Coopetition
Cooperation or competition coopetition, also Koopkurrenz, denotes the duality of competition and cooperation on markets. Coopetition is from the English terms cooperation (cooperation ) and competition ( competition ) composite artificial word. The author of the concept of the founder of the network software manufacturer Novell Raymond Noorda is called ( Brandenburger / Nalebuff 2007).
Concept
Coopetition designated market phenomena, in which a duality of cooperation and competition exists and influences the actions of market participants without these cooperate explicitly.
Such systems are described in mathematical game theory as a non- zero-sum games. This is first described in 1928 by John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern in 1944 with the book " Game Theory and Economic Behavior " ( Theory of Games and Economic Behavior ) was executed.
1950, the American mathematician John Forbes Nash Jr., the solution concept of the Nash equilibrium set, which is also suitable for non - zero-sum situation, which is described by the concept of coopetition. Under certain conditions it can be represented as Nash equilibrium that competitors can gain an advantage common to have met even without an explicit agreement within the meaning of a cartel.
A special case of these situations is the deliberate, organized co-operation on the same value chain ( horizontal cooperation ), while the partners to each other are on the market for the final product in competition. Cooperates states is usually in the areas of " research and development" or " production ", while the company will remain in the other areas in their role as independent competitors and operate on the market.
The two American professors Adam Brandenburger ( Stern Business School) and Barry Nalebuff ( Yale School of Business ) have applied the basic idea of coopetition in her eponymous monograph on the practice of business and expanded into a complete system. The methods they developed approach describes five points at which you can start in business practice in order (including competitors ) to achieve with its business partners solutions are made better by all parties than in naive competition. Ideally, these are win-win situations, but coopetition applies to cases that are "between" zero-sum games and win-win situations.
Importance
The principle of co-opetition is especially for modern industries of utmost importance. Therefore, the monograph co-opetition Brandenburger / Nalebuff attracted a lot of interest worldwide and has been translated into fifteen languages. The presentation of case studies and without the use of mathematics has made the book coopetition one of the most widely read books on game theory in the world.
Coopetition is a practical application of the so-called mechanism design theory, for which the Nobel Prize was awarded in economics in 2007.
Examples
Even the industry giant Microsoft has moved away from the original strategy of confrontation against open source since 2007. The cooperation with the Open Source Initiative ( OSI) is a model of coopetition. Business Open Source for Windows is promoted aggressively and certified to not again to maneuver into a position as an outsider. The Group has appraised even own open source licenses with the OSI. In October 2007 the Microsoft Public License (Ms -PL) and the Microsoft Reciprocal License ( Ms- RL) were recognized by the OSI as open - source licenses. Other source code Disclosing licenses that run under the name of Shared Source, as notified Heise Verlag did not meet the open source definition of OSI.
Another example is the temporary cooperation between the Volkswagen Group and Ford jointly developed The vehicle was sold separately from VW under the product names VW Sharan and Seat Alhambra and Ford under the name Ford Galaxy.