Curtain wall
A curtain wall, also called curtain wall, (English: curtain wall =, curtain wall ') is a construction method for facades of buildings. The curtain wall carries only its own weight and any other static loads. The dead weight is removed via the structure of the building and this, by running away, presented on the floors.
Mostly, the curtain wall is combined with a skeleton. The curtain wall is suspended by means of a substructure on the structure of the building. The cross-storey facade has a frame made of steel or aluminum profiles, which is a large area filled in with glass or other flat filler elements in the rule. A curtain wall can be realized as post -and-beam façade or element facade.
A curtain wall is not a rainscreen facade (English: rainscreen ) to be confused.
Technology and standardization
Curtain walls are standardized in the European standard EN 13830. The standard is published in Germany as DIN standard.
History
Partial listing for a technical article by Miron Mislin the portal glass online.
Preconditions and precursors
- To 1832, the British glass manufacturer RL improved chance the cylinder glass process. From 1838 he produced crystal mirror glass in which the rolled glass was polished and refined. With this crystal mirror glass of the Crystal Palace in London was built.
- 1851 Crystal Palace in London by Joseph Paxton
- After the fire of 1871 in Chicago, the first great steel-framed structures have been developed in high-rise construction. Thus, the exterior facades were designed more freely with windows and parapets.
- 1885, the Home Insurance Building, William Le Baron Jenney, the steel skeleton behind a thin, though still outside stone wall, but the principle of the curtain wall was realized.
- As of 1891, the mirror glass process, which lowered the glass prices, favorable for the construction of large windows proved.
- 1895, the Reliance Building was built by the architectural firm Bahnham & Root, a steel frame with a arranged in front of the curtain wall construction with Chicago windows and thin terracotta panels on the parapets.
- 1895 Studebaker Building, Arch Solon S. Beman, zehngeschossig, cast iron frame, cast iron panel balustrades and wide " Chicago windows "
- 1899-1900, Mc Clurg Building, Holabird & Roche Arch, neungeschossig with cast iron frame.
- 1899-1900, Tietz Department Store in Leipziger Strasse in Berlin, B. Sehring and L. Lachmann with a wall of windows of 20 m × 17.50 m, which can be considered the first curtain wall in Berlin.
- 1906-1907 five manufacturing building of the railroad car company A. Koppel of Berlin showed up with his new American branch in Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania curtain wall facades. The bands of windows in the upper area were conducted as a continuous horizontal window bands " around the corner". (American Machinist, October 19, 1907).