Cyclamen persicum
Cyclamen (Cyclamen persicum cultivar )
The Cyclamen (Cyclamen persicum ), also known as the Persian Cyclamen, is a plant of the genus Cyclamen (Cyclamen ) within the family of Primrose ( Primulaceae ). Wild it is neither in the Alps, as it might suggest the German generic name cyclamen, even in Persia, as it suggests the persicum mistakenly assigned specific epithet, but in the eastern Mediterranean region.
Cyclamen persicum is a very popular, economically significant houseplant. From about 1860 was started in Western Europe with variety breeding. Currently it is offered in a wide range of varieties as a houseplant. The different varieties of the room cyclamen are based solely on breeding with different origins of the wild species. A crossbreeding other Cyclamen species has not occurred.
Description
The Cyclamen grows as a perennial, herbaceous plant that reaches the plant height to 32 inches. As memory and Überdauerungsorgan it forms a perennial Hypokotylknolle. It is caused solely by a thickening of the hypocotyl, the shoot axis range between the root collar and the first cotyledon. The roundish, slightly flattened at the age tuber contains about 4 to 15 inches or more than 15 inches in diameter. It is of corky consistency. Your bottom to the roots, the top of the spirally arranged, long -stalked leaves of the plant. The length and width of the heart-shaped leaf blade varies 3-14 centimeters. It is of meaty texture and smooth textured. The leaf margin is serrated and usually somewhat thickened. He rarely trains edges or rag. The upper leaf surface often has a silvery - green marbled color drawing, the lower leaf surface may be colored pale - green or reddish.
The leaves are simple and usually have a bright drawing on the leaf surface. They pull their leaves in the dry and / or cool season. If the growth conditions again low drive them again and blossom. One should treat even at room cyclamen indoors the plants and they can move in after the flowering period and then drive again after a rest period. Thank you it with a lush bloom.
Cyclamen bear standing on single stems flowering, although hang down, their petals are, however, strongly curved upwards. The color of the flowers ranges from white to pink to purple.
The fruits are capsules that are sunk with increasing maturity, by growth and Einkrümmen of the stem into the soil. The capsules open only if they are in the earth.
The chromosome number is 2n = 48, with some cultivars also 2n = 72, 96 and 136
Name Origin and Taxonomy
Cyclamen persicum was first described in 1768 by Phillip Miller. For the botanical epithet persicum there are two different explanations alternatives:
- It refers to the - erroneous - assumption that the plant came from Persia. This also expressed in the original description assumption can already be found in a gardening book published in 1659.
- It refers to the red color peach (Prunus persica ) of the flowers. This assumption has its origins in a 1629 published book, in which the flowers of Cyclamen persicum are described as peachy.
Cyclamen persicum var autumnalis Grey -Wilson blooms in the fall (instead of March-April)
- Cyclamen persicum f albidum has pure white flowers
- Cyclamen persicum f roseum has pink flowers without purple spot at the throat entrance
- Cyclamen persicum f puniceum has uniformly red to carmine flowers
Occurrence
The natural range of Cyclamen persicum extending from North Africa, West Asia and Southeast Europe. Specifically, the following occurrences are assigned: In North Africa the way in the northern and eastern part of Algeria, and in northern Tunisia is represented. In West Asia stocks in Cyprus, Israel, Jordan, Syria and West - western Turkey were confirmed. In the eastern part of Greece the only occurrence in Europe were occupied. The preferred growing sites include pine forests, oak thickets and open rocky slopes usually on calcareous soils up to an altitude of 1000 meters. During the growing phase in the winter months are typical of the home base, a medium light range and average temperatures. During the summer it is very hot ( 40-45 ° C) and dry. The high temperature and drought lead to the death of the aboveground plant parts. The plants survive the dry season in their shallow underground tubers. They drive then at the beginning of the cold season again.
The exact original distribution is not known. The occurrence of some of the Greek islands and North Africa is expected to decline with some certainty to the historical use of the cemetery and monastery planting, probably is also true, to a part of the Turkish deposits.
Use
History
This type probably came even before its first mention in 1620 to Paris. Sure it is cultivated in France since 1731. The start of the variety breeding is dated to the year 1860. Starting from England that has taken a leading role here, shortly thereafter started in the Netherlands and in Germany with the variety breeding of cyclamen persicum. The different varieties of the room cyclamen caused solely by breeding with variants of the wild species. A cross-breeding of other species has not occurred.
Requirements for Kulturwürdigkeit
In the wild type shows a certain variability of flowering time and color.
- Fast growing: Unlike other cyclamen immediately germinate in fresh seed or warm preswelling. Bloom also unlike other cyclamen after a few months.
- Roots at the bottom of the bulb - can be grown in much too shallow pot, looking out of the substrate tuber. Because of the susceptibility to fungi and microorganisms in the culture of a lowered moisture tubers in the pot only experienced gardeners succeed.
Culture
The cyclamen are indeed now almost available all year round, but the peak is located in Central Europe from September to March.
Seed production is carried out in special operations. Much of the modern varieties are F1 hybrids, ie varieties with heterosis effect that can not be propagated by seed.
Cyclamen are propagated by seed. The seed should be very fresh, seeds are not long lasting. Cyclamen are dark to germinate, so the seeds are covered with soil and placed dark. The best temperature for germination is 18 ° C. The germination time is 20 to 30 days. After germination, the seed boxes are placed into the light.
There is a transplant and a few weeks later the Potting in the final pot. The further cultivation is carried out at about 18 to 21 ° C. The cooler is cultivated, the more compact and blühwilliger the plants. Cyclamen persicum are among the neutral plants. The flowers are created from the publication of the seventh true leaf. In the end distance are 14 to 22 pots per m². The culture period is in spring sowings about 8 months and summer sowings about 11 months.
With good culture, the plants can be about 20 to 30 years old.
Varieties
Cyclamen (Cyclamen persicum ) are drawn for several hundred years, working for breeding since the 19th century. A variety that was a long time is very important, ' beacon '. In addition to the large varieties, there are also a range of short stature varieties. Some, especially large-flowered varieties, has been lost over the breeding history of the species-typical scent. Hybrids with other types have not been obtained in a natural way. The only sufficiently close relatives, belonging to the same subgenus way would be the Somali cyclamen (Cyclamen somalense ), which is not cultivated. Through tissue culture of fresh zygotes ( micropropagation ) was a hybrid with the Central European Summer Cyclamen (Cyclamen purpurascens ) can be achieved, which is treated as a hardy cultivar ' Odorella '. This sterile variety is very short-lived and fell. You may propagated exclusively through tissue culture and a longer time to be kept alive.
Groups of varieties
The groups of varieties each have varieties with a range of colors from the typical Cyclamen red to violet, pink color tones and white, two -colored flowers are common. There are seed varieties and True F1 hybrids.
- 'Butterfly'
- ' Halios '
- 'Laser '
- ' Latinia '
- Normal Cyclamen breed Beck
- 'Sierra '
- ' Zehlendorf '
- Miniature Cyclamen Schoneveld Super Series Compacta
- Miniature breed Beck