Daniel Sanders (lexicographer)

Daniel Sanders ( born November 12, 1819 in Strelitz, † March 11, 1897 ibid; Complete name: Daniel Hendel Sanders ) was a German lexicographer and linguist and poet and translator.

Life

Daniel Sanders was the second son of a Jewish merchant Hendel Sanders and his wife Amalie. He attended the Jewish Free School in Strelitz, then the high school Carolinum in Neustrelitz. In Berlin, he studied mathematics and philology. In Halle ( Saale ), he received his doctorate in 1842. In the same year he was hired as a senior teacher at the Jewish Free School in Strelitz.

Within the 1848 reform movement Daniel Sanders quickly counted to the Democrats leaders in the (partial) Duchy of Mecklenburg -Strelitz. In 1848 he was editor of the Wendish messengers and leaves for free national character, the mouthpiece of the Neustrelitzer Reform Association. In 1850 he was one of the invited / Mecklenburgern be invited to the Brunswick Democratic Congress, where he eventually but did not participate. After 1852 his school was closed due to its democratic orientation, he worked as a private scholar, linguist, dictionary writer and publicist.

Sanders' main work is to be the standard work become dictionary of the German language with documents from Luther to the present. He became known also by his fierce, in many legitimate criticism of the romantic - deutschtümelnden dictionary project of the Brothers Grimm, he " missed his entire plant and great part in his execution quite " called. On the 1st Orthographic Conference in 1876 and during the subsequent public debate Sanders took a liberal -oriented parlance considers the spelling. In sense-discriminative double forms (eg orphan against way ) he saw the result of a " legitimate Verdeutlichungsstrebens ". Sanders' studies ultimately resulted after his death in the German language letters according to the method Toussaint - Langenscheidt ( 1906-1908 ).

Daniel Sanders, who was in 1877 appointed honorary citizen of Strelitzer Grand Duke professor and 1889 from his native city Strelitz, does not live on in the last named after him, the biggest German - English dictionary Muret- Sanders. He is one next to the Brothers Grimm the most important German lexicographer of the 19th century.

Daniel Sanders prices

Since 1999, the city Neustrelitz the Daniel - Sanders- language prize is awarded each year for students who live in the district Mecklenburg- Strelitz, or go to school. The language prize will be awarded in different categories and each is worth 500 euros.

On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the death of Daniel Sanders Daniel Sanders Culture Prize has been awarded since 1997 every two years by the county of Mecklenburg- Strelitz and is endowed with 5,200 euros.

Works (selection)

  • Modern Greek folk and freedom songs, 1842
  • The life of the people of the modern Greeks, 1844
  • Critically examined the German dictionary of Jacob Grimm and Wilhelm Grimm, Hamburg 1852 f
  • Dictionary of German, Leipzig, 1859-1865 ( 3 volumes)
  • The Song of Solomon, Leipzig 1866 and Hamburg 1888 ( translation from Hebrew )
  • Pocket dictionary of the German language, 1869
  • Foreign words. Vol 1-2. Leipzig: O. Wigand, 1871
  • Dictionary German synonyms, 1871
  • Proposals for establishing a unified spelling, 1873
  • German vocabulary ordered by terms for easy retrieval and selection of the appropriate expression. A stylistic Hülfsbuch for every German writer. Reprint of Hamburg from 1873 to 1877. Two volumes. Vol 1: Systematic part. Vol 2: Alphabetical part. With a detailed introduction and bibliography by Peter Kühn. Tübingen Max Niemeyer 1985. ( Lexicographica. Series Maior 6/7)
  • Orthographisches Dictionary, 1874
  • Language teaching for primary schools and citizens, 1876
  • For the best hours of life. Private and appropriated, 1878
  • History of the German language and literature up to the death of Goethe, 1879
  • Outline of German versification, 1881
  • Greek grammar, 1881
  • History of Modern Greek Literature, 1884
  • Large German - English Dictionary, 1889
  • From the workshop of a dictionary writer, 1889 ( digitized and full text in German Text Archive )
  • Fremdwörterbuch, 1897
  • Citatenlexikon. Collection of quotations, proverbs, proverbial sayings and aphorisms. Leipzig: Weber, 1899
  • German literary history up to the death of Goethe, 1899
  • Dictionary of the main difficulties in the German language ( 38th edition 1915)

Literature (selection )

  • Festschrift for Daniel Sanders seventieth birthdays. (12 November 1889). Lupelow, Strelitz, 1889.
  • Edward Schroeder: Sanders, Daniel Hendel. In: General German Biography (ADB ). Volume 53, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig, 1907, pp. 705-708.
  • Peter Kühn: Daniel Sanders' contributions to the lexicographic synonymy of the Germans. In: Native 89, 1979, pp. 187-200.
  • Peter Kühn: The " German vocabulary " by Daniel Sanders. In: Daniel Sanders: German vocabulary ordered by terms for easy retrieval and selection of the appropriate expression. A stylistic Hülfsbuch for every German writer. Volume 1: Systematic part. With a detailed introduction and bibliography by Peter Kühn. Reprint of Hamburg from 1873 to 1877. Niemeyer, Tübingen, 1985, ISBN 3-484-30906-7, ( Lexicographica - Series maior 6 ), pp. I- LXXVII.
  • Ulrike hate Zumkehr: Daniel Sanders. Enlightened German in the 19th century. de Gruyter, Berlin and others 1995, ISBN 3-11-014331-3, ( Studia Germanica linguistica 35).
  • Jürgen Storost: Heinrich Krohn and Daniel Sanders. A Mecklenburg Alliance for the idea of a German Académie Française or the unfulfilled pairing of money and spirit. In: Jürgen Storost: In memoriam Vladimiro Macchi. Aspects of the history of science. Selected subjects. Romani Phonetic Verlag, Bonn 2008, ISBN 978-3-86143-181-7, ( Essays on Language and Literature 172 ), pp. 267-302.
  • Alfred Etzold: Daniel Sanders. From 1819 to 1897. Mecklenburg, Jew, dictionary writers. Hentrich & Hentrich Verlag, Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-938485-99-6. (Jewish miniatures 82)
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