Daphne pontica
Pontic daphne ( Daphne pontica )
The Pontic daphne ( Daphne pontica ) is a species of the genus daphne ( Daphne ) and belongs to the family of Seidelbastgewächse ( Thymelaeaceae ). It is in the southern Black Sea region - home and in the north of Iran - from Bulgaria to western Caucasus region.
- 6.1 Notes and references
Description
Vegetative characteristics
The Pontic daphne is an erect, sparsely branched evergreen shrub that reaches the plant height of 40-100 cm. Leafy young twigs are green and bald, older branch portions get a reddish- brown bark and leaves lose. The alternate arranged, crowded at the ends of branches, simple and undivided leaves are almost sessile. The leaf blades are glabrous, verkehrteiförmig, elliptical or oblong elliptic, (2.5 - ) 3-8 ( -9.5 ) cm long, (1 -) 1.5-3 (-4.5 ) cm wide. They are narrowed towards the base and pointed toe or more rarely dull. In plants, the typical subspecies, the leaf blades are leathery, in the Caucasian subspecies subsp. haematocarpa ( = Daphne albowiana ) usually thin, not leathery.
Generative features
The (1 -) 2-2.5 (-4 ) cm long-stemmed, usually zweiblütigen inflorescences are in the axils of small bracts in the lower part of this year's shoots. The flowers are stalked 3-8 mm long, as a rule, in subsp. haematocarpa but only 2-3 mm long. Your bracts remain undeveloped.
The hermaphrodite, fourfold flowers are yellowish- green and fragrant weak. The Bald flower tube is 7-10 mm long and about as long as the recurved petals in typical forms. This narrow lanceolate, acute Perigonzipfel are slightly different in size and (5 - ) 8-10 mm long. In subsp. haematocarpa is the corolla tube 10-12 mm long, the Perigonzipfel are clearly different, the longer 8-10 mm, the shorter 5-6 mm long. The eight stamens are inserted in two circles at its upper end into the flower tube. The Upper constant, hidden in the flower tube, einfächerige ovary is bald. There is a 0.25 mm high annular disc at its base. The kopfige scar sitting on a 0.25-0.5 mm long stylus.
The single-seeded drupes sit on nodding peduncles are glabrous, ovate to almost round and have 7-8 mm in diameter. They are black with the typical subspecies in mature state in subsp. haematocarpa bright red. The stone is pear-shaped core.
The plant flowers from March to August.
Chromosomes
The Pontic daphne has a diploid chromosome complement of 2n = 18
Distribution and habitat
The main distribution area of the Pontic Seidelbasts is the southern Pontic region, ie the southern framing of the Black Sea from the south-eastern Bulgaria on the northern Turkey to Georgia. In addition, the species is found in the north of Iran. The subspecies subsp. haematocarpa ( = Daphne albowiana ) is restricted to the western Caucasus region, where it grows both in Georgia and in the Russian portion of the mountain.
The Pontic daphne is spread over a considerable height range from sea level to 2200 meters above sea level. In Georgia, the typical subspecies in the deeper layers grows to about 1,000 m above sea level, while subsp. haematocarpa higher mountain ranges 1800-2200 m settled. The latter subspecies is on the Northern Slope of the Russian Western Caucasus but also in deeper layers in 400-800 meters above sea level before.
The Pontic daphne grows mainly along forest edges, especially in the area of fir and beech forests. But he also populated scrubland with Rhododendron and hazel and cliffs of igneous rock or lime. In the highlands you will find the kind in grazed site.
Taxonomy and systematics
The species was described in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in his seminal work Species Plantarum. As Lektotypus a picture of Joseph Pitton de Tournefort was determined that Linnaeus had quoted.
Populations from the western Caucasus region are considered by some authors as a separate species Daphne albowiana Voronov ex Pobed. distinguished. Newer sources treat these plants but subsp usually under the name Daphne pontica. haematocarpa Voronov as a subspecies of the Pontic Seidelbasts. This clan mainly differs by shorter, only 2-3 mm long pedicels and when ripe, bright red fruits.
Within the genus daphne ( Daphne ) of the Pontic daphne consistently in the close relationship of the laurel - Seidelbasts ( Daphne laureola ) is provided, for example in the flora of the USSR along with this in the section Laureola Meisn. , further also includes the Caucasian type Daphne glomerata. More recently, the Czech botanist Josef Jakob Halda has provided the Pontic daphne along with Daphne albowiana in its own section pontica Halda and those classified in the subgenus Pseudolaurus Halda with the type species of Daphne laureola. This sub- genus corresponds approximately to the extent the section Laureola Meisn.
Etymology
The specific epithet pontica and the German -language name refers to the ancient landscape Pontus on the southern coast of the Black Sea, where the focus of the distribution of the species is located. The name of the subspecies haematocarpa derives from the ancient Greek words αἷμα ( Haima, German blood) and καρπός ( karpos, dt fruit) and mutatis mutandis means (blood) rotfrüchtig. The genus name is derived from the Latin Daphne daphne or ancient Greek δάφνη (Daphne). Both originally referred to the laurel tree (Laurus nobilis).
Use
The Pontic daphne is rarely used as an ornamental plant for groups of trees. He is culture since at least 1752.
Swell
- Genaust H. 1996: Etymological Dictionary of the botanical name of the plant. 3rd edition, Birkhauser Verlag, Basel, ISBN 3-7643-2390-6.
- Kit Tan 1982: 1 Daphne L. In: Davis PH (ed.) Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Vol 7, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, ISBN 0-85224-396-0, pp. 521-526.
- Pobedimova E. G. 1974: Family CIX. Thymelaeaceae Adans. In: Shishkin BK, Bobrov EG ( eds.): Flora of the USSR (Flora SSSR ). Vol XV: Malvales, parietales, Myrtiflorae. Akademii Nauk SSSR Izdatel'stvo, Moskva - Leningrad, 1949, translated from Russian, Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, ISBN 0-7065-1470- X, pp. 361-387. - Online