Die Neue Zeit

The New Times Review of intellectual and public life (from 1901 " Wochenschrift German Social Democracy " ) was the most important theory journal of the SPD from 1883 to 1923. You was founded and until 1917 led by Karl Kautsky and Emanuel Wurm. Prior to the First World War was the journal scene of major theoretical debates of Marxism and Scientific socialism in Germany. Upon exit of Kautsky and worm from the SPD in 1917 the eminent Marxist theorist, anthropologist and lecturer took over at the Party School of the SPD, Heinrich Cunow, the editor.

History

The first issue appeared on 1 January 1883 in the face of the Anti-Socialist Law consciously apolitical subtitles Revue intellectual and public life. The magazine was published as a monthly magazine Initially, in October 1890, she appeared weekly. Printer and publisher was Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Dietz in Stuttgart. Co-owners were Henry Brown and Karl Kautsky. In 1896, the extent was about 32 pages. A booklet cost 25 pence a Jahresabonement 13 marks.

In 1901, the magazine was officially transferred to party ownership. In 1908, the magazine has been extended to provide a monthly feature leaflet. There were once a quarter, additions to reprint longer articles.

The theoretical journal the circulation of the newspaper remained low, even if they clearly grew. The number of subscribers increased from 2,300 in October 1883 to 9,000 in 1910. During the First World War, the rest broke sharply and was in 1921 only 3,600 copies. Economically, the magazine was in spite of their importance for the intra-party discourse has long been a contributory organization. As a result of high inflation, the sheet had to cease publication in 1923.

During the Socialist Law

The founding of the journal was approved in October 1882 by August Bebel, Wilhelm Liebknecht, Karl Kautsky and JHW Dietz. From Liebknecht came the program item. It stated:

The claim was initially at any rate to be an open forum for critics.

The new time succeeded in a short time to overcome political volatility and philosophical eclecticism. She managed already to demonstrate during the socialist law the strength of the socialist movement and to propagate scientific socialism.

1885 already wrote Friedrich Engels, who practiced initially reluctance to engage with this Revue, to August Bebel, that the New Age is one of the three items, the revolutionary wing had to keep absolutely and expand in the law. Between 1885 and 1895, Engels, Kautsky not only advise, but the sheet, important article in particular taught by Karl Marx. These included the letters to the Paris Commune and the Critique of the Gotha Programme. Moreover, Engels published even in this period, numerous articles in the Journal. The most significant was Ludwig Feuerbach and the End of Classical German Philosophy from the year 1886.

Other foreign authors from the field of Marx and Engels as Laura and Paul Lafargue, Friedrich Adolf worry or Eleanor Marx published in the New Age. Through their reports on foreign economic and historical processes, the sheet was an international character.

Political stance after 1890

Even after the end of the Socialist Law the New Era after 1890 remained the leading theoretical socialist magazine in Germany. For the 10th anniversary presented Franz Mehring fixed:

Karl Kautsky but also held fast to the claim, to achieve the non-intellectual supporters of social democracy.

The New Times took during the revisionism controversy clearly against Eduard Bernstein and his supporters position. Already at the turn of the century could no longer publish in the New Era this. Therefore, the revisionists founded the Socialist Monatshefte.

Topics

The journal was divided after the turn of the century into two main categories. The first was overwritten with contemporary history and social conditions. In this part published posts on politics, economics and social issues. The second section was titled with social policy. The contributions were wide -ranging and ranged from the agrarian question, employer organizations, alcohol problems on women's issues, Trade Union, working conditions, insurance to contributions to local politics, the middle class and the civil service. This area was the most extensive of the journal. Besides the two major areas, there were other categories such as: ". History, prehistory and ethnology" "socialism, social philosophy and political economy ", " art and literature ", " natural science, hygiene and technology" and

Feature

Important for the development of the sheet, the employees of Franz Mehring was. This initially worked as a correspondent for Berlin and political editor in chief from 1891. As features editor, he managed to reach a certain independence in relation to the overall editing. Under his leadership, this area won in addition to the general part of the magazine in importance and became an important tool of socialist cultural and literary work. Mehring's article on literature, the theater, history of literature ( " Lessing Legend" NZ 1891/92 ), the National History etc. coined almost two decades, the face of the feuilleton, or even the entire revue. The main part of Mehring's basic essays written for the New Age. His editorials often to problems of literature ( "fill Dress jacket and blouse proletarians " 1892) appropriated the ability to connect with current and political issue at the same time targeted attacks on the bourgeois art establishment and its social foundations.

In addition to Mehring's own articles and numerous small contributions in the arts section of the New Age appeared more Marxist -oriented treatises. These included original contributions by Paul Lafargue for romance and Émile Zola to "Gold" in 1892. Since 1890 There were reprints of papers by Georgi Plekhanov about whales about Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and Henrik Ibsen. Thus, the sheet was also a central organ of a Marxist-oriented literature. The paper made partly polemical critical position on contemporary German literature, especially of naturalism. In addition, it attempted to collect older "revolutionary" writers for the socialist movement. These included about Heinrich Heine and Georg Herwegh. The highlight were the contributions Mehring for Friedrich Schiller in 1905 In addition, newer socialist authors were encouraged and gently - helpful criticized (for example: L. Jacoby, R. Schweichel, M. Kautsky, O. Krille ). . Some have their contributions in the New Age self- publish.

Particular attention was given to contemporary world literature. This was especially the Russian and North European literature in the foreground. In this Mehring saw a close connection between revolutionary subjectivity of the artist and critical reflection of the class society. Partially works of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev, Maxim Gorky or August Strindberg were reprinted in full or in part. In contrast, the discussion of the critical -realist German literature resigned. Exceptions were smaller Reviews to Hermann Hesse's Peter Camenzind and bottom edge. The political and aesthetic education of the proletariat by the NZ therefore occurred mainly on the theoretical- political criticism of some trends in contemporary German literature and through the appropriation of modern world literature.

Besides Mehring already occurred around the turn of the century, promoted by the Left, younger socialist writers in the Marxist-oriented literature produced. ( as E. Hoernle, H. Stroebel ).

Political change in direction

In particular, the features section showed Posts by Paul Ernst, Friedrich Stampfer and F. Diederich and revisionist views. These were made already before 1914. This led in 1913 to the fact that Franz Mehring was ousted from the editorial board.

List of Authors (selection)

• Karl Marx
• Friedrich Engels
• Karl Kautsky
• Eduard Bernstein
• Rosa Luxembourg
• Leon Trotsky
• Wilhelm Liebknecht
• Parvus
• Konrad Haenisch
• Paul Lensch
• Ischtiraki ( Konstantin Opel )
• Franz Mehring
• Friedrich Schrader ( Konstantin Opel, Berlin)
• Heinrich Cunow
• Georgi Plekhanov
• Wilhelm Blos
• Anton Pannekoek
• Max Beer
• Hope Bridges Adams Lehmann