Antonie Pannekoek

Anton Pannekoek ( born January 2, 1873 in Vaassen; † 28 April 1960 Wageningen ) was an internationally known Dutch astronomer, astrophysicist and important theorists of council communism.

Life

Pannekoek studied in the years 1891-1895 Astronomy at the University of Leiden. He then worked for the local observatory and a doctorate in 1902. During his studies, he began with Marxism and the philosophy of Joseph Dietzgen employ. In he came in contact with the " Nieuwe Tijd - groep " ( " group new time " ) in Leiden and became a member. From 1900 Pannekoek began, in the meantime become a member of the SDAP to be active in journalism. His articles appear translated in the New Era of Karl Kautsky and the Leipzig People's Daily under Franz Mehring. In 1904 he was forced to stop his political work in the Netherlands.

Pannekoek moved in 1906 to Germany, joined the SPD and worked as a professor at the Party School of the SPD in Berlin. After this activity, he was forbidden on pain of expulsion in 1907, Pannekoek worked in the Party archives and wrote for various party newspapers. He was on the party congresses of the SPD in Essen (1907 ), Nuremberg (1908 ), Magdeburg (as a member of the delegation Bremer, 1910), Jena (1911 ), Chemnitz (1912 ) and Jena (1913 ) present. In addition Pannekoek wrote from exile continues for De Tribune of the Dutch SDP ( a left split of SDAP ), which he was a member since 1909. From 1909 Pannekoek was editor of the publications of the Dutch SDP, which were mainly printed in Germany. In the course of a close friendship with Herman Gorter developed. The two worked in the SDP to Henriette Roland - Holst. The following year, Pannekoek was appointed as instructor of the SPD to Bremen and started for the Bremen citizens newspaper to write later working-class politics. Here he met Johann Knief know and it developed into a lively intellectual exchanges. He was the intellectual head of the Bremen Left radicals. Already in the course of the mass strike debate Pannekoek had defended revolutionary ideas and agitates against reformism in the SPD. During this debate, in which the division of Social Democracy became apparent, broke the friendship with Karl Kautsky.

Pannekoek had with his articles considerable influence on the council communist movement in the Netherlands and in Germany. In 1921 he retired but first from the political events of the day as far as possible back and did not participate until 1927 in the debates of the organization increasingly fragmenting council communist movement. In 1927, he joined, mediated by Henk Canne Meijer, with whom he was working closely until his death, with the " Groepen van International Communistern " founded in the same year ( GIC ) in contact and influenced policy approach - without formally and without being a member to engage in direct political activities - through his theoretical works and discussion posts. 1936 met Pannekoek Paul Mattick beyond with together with which has developed a cooperation.

In 1938 he published his work Lenin as a philosopher by the name of John Harper. During the Second World War Pannekoek was working on his book, workers' councils, which was published in 1946 under the pseudonym P. Aartsz in two parts. In 1944, while working on this Pannekoek Archive burned mostly in the Battle of Arnhem. In subsequent years, Pannekoek remained true to his convictions and corresponded among other things with Cornelius Castoriadis, but published only very few items. He wrote in 1944 in his memoirs. On April 28, 1960 Anton Pannekoek died in Wageningen. His autobiography Herinneringen ( memories ) was not published until 22 years later in the Netherlands.

Pannekoek was the Director of the Astronomical Institute of the University of Amsterdam. He also dealt with the history of astronomy, which he published in 1916 and 1917 two fundamental work on Babylonian astronomy.

Honors

His work as an astronomer was honored after his death by naming the Astronomical Institute of the University of Amsterdam with his name.

In 1951 he was awarded the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society.

After Anton Pannekoek of the asteroid ( 2378 ) Pannekoek and the moon crater Pannekoek has been named.

Works

  • A history of astronomy, New York: Dover Publ, 1989 ( first Dutch Amsterdam in 1951, English Allen and Unwin, 1961)
  • Anti Marxist -Leninism (along with Diethard Behrens and Paul Mattick ). - Freiburg: ça ira - Verl, 1990 - ISBN 3-924627-22-3.
  • Worker's Councils, AK Press 2003, ISBN 1-902593-56-1. online Version
  • Redefinition of Marxism 1, discussion of workers' councils, Introduction Caio Brendel: Karin Kramer Verlag, 1974
  • Workers' councils. Texts to the social revolution. - Remote Forest ( Annerod ): Germinal Publishing, 2008 - ISBN 978-3-88663-490-3.
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