Dimitrie Gusti
Dimitrie Gusti ( born February 13, 1880 in Iasi ( Jassy, Romania), † October 30, 1955 in Bucharest ) was a Romanian sociologist, historian, voluntarist philosopher, social reformer and cultural politicians.
Life
Dimitrie Gusti lived as a child in the land of his parents (Stefan Gusti and Natalie, born Gatovski ) in the village Gronita and attended from the age of six until 1898 as a boarder the elementary and high school in Iasi. He then studied at the University of Iaşi history (with Alexandru Dimitrie Xenopol ), sociology and economics. In 1899 he moved to the Friedrich Wilhelm University in Berlin, 1900 to Leipzig, where Wilhelm Wundt, Paul Barth and Karl books were his academic teachers. In Books Gusti 1904 with his dissertation egoism and altruism. For sociological motivation of practical volition Dr. phil. doctorate.
The diverse interested young scientists went back to Berlin in 1905 and has in his German period includes Sociology of Georg Simmel, Ferdinand Tönnies, Leopold von Wiese and Max Weber, also philosophy of Friedrich Paulsen and jurisprudence with Franz Liszt and Rudolf Stammler. In 1908 he went to the sociologist Émile Durkheim to Paris and turned there also English authors such as Herbert Spencer.
In Romania, he was a professor in Iaşi and from 1920 in Bucharest. He pulled the students strongly, and his hearers were rights as left ( as Mircea Constantinescu Miron or Vulcanescu and Henri H. Stahl). He founded the empirically -mono graphically oriented " Bucharest School" of sociology. From 1925 to 1948 he presented a significant number of village studies. In 1936 he founded with steel and Victor Ion Popa Bucharest's " Village Museum ".
In 1919 he was appointed as a member of the Romanian Academy and was its president from 1944 to 1946.
Politically, he joined the Peasant Party and was from 1932 to 1933 Romanian Minister of Education. He left her because of her long-suffering policy towards the authoritarian turn of King Charles II and the fascist policy of " Iron Guard ", which then led to the 1940 Antonescu dictatorship. After the invasion of Soviet troops, the Communist Party tried in vain to win him; but he became a member of the Society for Romanian- Soviet Friendship.
His grave is located on the Bellu cemetery in Bucharest.
Theoretical characterization
After Gusti society of social units is connected with a mentality whose core component is the social will, which consists of cosmic, biological, psychological and historical factors that determine the social change and make it predictable to a certain extent. His methodology is characterized by interdisciplinary empiricism.
Honors
1934 awarded him the University of Leipzig honorary doctorate, where in his acceptance speech, he said: I have Germany experienced in the years 1899-1910 at its peak, in a happy prosperity and on the triumphal industrial supremacy in the world, to the largest, most prolific and disciplined nation in Europe, with geniuses that have topped the human civilization (...) but in 1934 I have a defeated, fatigued and desperate Germany tours, one of the desorganisiertesten nations of Europe.
Publications (selection )
- Egoism and altruism, 1904
- The sociological aspirations in the new ethics, 1908
- Cosmologia Elena, 1929
- Sociologia militant, (vol. 1, 1935; vols 2-3, 1946)
- Enciclopedia României, vols I-IV, Bucharest, 1938, 1943
- Cunoaştere şi în actiune Serviciul naţiunii, (2 vols. , 1939)
- Problema sociologiei, 1940
- La science sociale de la réalité, 1941