Diplotaxis tenuifolia
Narrow- double Same ( Diplotaxis tenuifolia ), illustration
The Narrow- called double Same ( Diplotaxis tenuifolia ), also Wild arugula or Stinkrauke, a plant belonging to the family of Brassicaceae is ( Brassicaceae). It trades under the name and arugula salad or used as a spice.
Description
Appearance and foliage leaf
The Narrow double seed grows as a perennial herbaceous plant, reaching heights of growth from 20 to 70, rarely up to 100 cm. The parts of plants, especially the leaves, smell by glucosinolate intensely sharp, spicy. The green parts are frosted. The upright, often branched stem is more or less bare and can become woody bit at the bottom.
It is formed no distinct basal rosette of leaves. The stalk is leafy least to the center and contributes about three to six stalked, hairless leaves. In the lower foliage leaves the leaf blades with a length of 2 to 15 cm and a width of 1 to 6 ( to 8) cm, elliptic to obovate with a wavy edge or to deep pinnately lobed, with two to five oblong to linear sections. The upper leaves are often the lower similar but the further upward with narrower sections.
Inflorescence and flower
The flowering period extends from May to September. In a terminal, initially schirmtraubigen, later racemose inflorescence many flowers are borne.
The hermaphrodite flowers are cruciform. The four 4-7 mm long sepals have a clear white skin edge and are hairy fluffy bald or with straight trichomes. The four sulfur- yellow on the underside distinctly lighter petals are 7-11 (rarely up to 15) mm long and 5-8 mm wide with a rounded end. The six stamens consist of 4 to 8 mm long stamens and 2.5 to 3 mm long anthers. The ovary contains 20-32 (rarely up to 46 ) ovules.
Fruit and seeds
The protruding stems from the fruit stalk is about as long as the pods with a length of 0.8 to 3.5 mm, is also located between calyx approach and a pod 0.5 to 3 mm long section. The most upright pods have a length of 2 to 4 ( to 6 ) cm and a diameter of 1.5 to 2.5 mm and are slightly flattened slightly, with a 1.5 to 3 mm long, beak -shaped seedless top segment. The seeds are arranged in two rows. The seeds have a size of 1 to 1.3 x 0.6 to 0.9 mm.
Chromosome number and the ingredients
The chromosome number is 2n = 22 The plant contains glycosidic mustard oils, eg glucoerucin.
Ecology
The Narrow double seed is usually about a permanent base with leaves or buds Chamaephyt.
Rosettes are formed only in the first year. The plant has a taproot.
Biochemically is the way all the more remarkable because it is treading the only species of native flora an intermediate photosynthesis mechanism between C3 and C4.
The flowers are " nectar leading disk flowers " with more or less concealed nectar. There is insect - and self-pollination.
The pods burst to fruit ripe and dry, especially when the plant is shaken (typical dry spreaders ).
The seeds are mucilaginous when wetted; they spread as Klebhafter.
Occurrence
The Narrow double seed is native to the Mediterranean region. It has been demonstrated in Germany since 1768 ( neophyte ). In Central Europe they are found today area as often in weed companies in ways dumps, dams, in wastelands, rare in the fields. She loves moderately base-and nitrogen-containing sandy loose soil. After Ellenberg it is a heat-loving plant and a light Verbandscharakterart halbruderaler pioneer and loose turf companies ( Convolvulo - Elymion = ( Agropyrion ) repentis ).
Toxicity
The plant contains the bitter tasting and toxic in concentrations above 5% erucic acid. In cultivated varieties, the content is low
Use
Diplotaxis is tenuifolia (as well as Eruca sativa) as a salad plant and seasonings under the name of rocket used and traded.
Swell
- Ihsan A. Al - Shehbaz, John F. Gaskin: Brassicaceae in the Flora of North America, Volume 7, 2010, p 433: Diplotaxis tenuifolia - Online. (Section Description, distribution and systematics)
- Narrow- double seed. In: FloraWeb.de.
- R. Duell / H. Kutzelnigg: Pocket Dictionary of Plants in Germany. 7th edition, Quelle & Meyer Verlag, 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1