Dmitry Dmitrievich Maksutov
Dmitri Dmitrievich Maksutow (Russian Дмитрий Дмитриевич Максутов, scientific transliteration Dmitri Maksutov Dmitrievič; * 11.jul / April 23 1896greg in Odessa, .. † August 12, 1964 in Leningrad ) was an optician and inventor of the eponymous Maksutov - telescope. He organized in 1930 the laboratory for astronomical optics at the State Optical Institute of the USSR.
Life
Maksutow was born as a son of a sailor family in Odessa. Even as a child he was interested in astronomy and produced with 12 years a 180 - mm telescope at. Later he read publications of the famous Russian optician AA Chikin, who became his teacher. He constructed a telescope with an aperture of 210 mm and began to make serious astronomical observation to operate. At the age of 15, he was admitted as a member of the Russian Astronomical Society. Three years later he joined the School of Military Engineers from St. Petersburg. Between 1921 and 1930 he worked at the Physics Institute of the University of Odessa in the field of astronomical optics.
In 1930, he exclaimed in Leningrad the laboratory for astronomical optics at the State Optical Institute of the USSR launched and managed this until 1952. This facility was one of the leading astronomical research groups in the USSR. Here he published in 1932 " Anaberratische reflective surfaces and systems and their new test methods." In this work he analyzed aplanatic two-mirror systems and introduced the method of compensation, which he had proposed in 1924. This method was then next to the shadow method the most important test methods for imaging mirrors.
His most important contribution to the field of optics was the invention of the Maksutov telescope (1942 ). He put a meniscus corrector before the opening of a reflecting telescope. This enabled him to correct the spherical aberration of the spherical primary mirror. This method was not only used by his laboratory for many of the major observatories in the Soviet Union, and internationally it met with wide distribution.
In addition to his astronomical observation devices he also manufactures many lenses, lenses, mirrors and prisms for medical instruments and other applications.
In 1944 he became a professor in 1946 and a corresponding member of Academy of Sciences of the USSR. From 1952 he worked at the observatory in Pulkovo. He died in 1964 in Leningrad.
The crater Maksutov on the moon back was named after him.
Awards
- Stalin Prize (1941, 1946)
- Order of Lenin ( 1945.1958 )
- The Badge of Honour (1943 )
- Grand Prix at the World Exhibition in Brussels in 1958
Works
- DD Maksutov: New catadioptric meniscus system, in the Journal of the Optical Society of America, 34 (1944 ), pp. 270-284.
- DD Maksutow: Technology of astronomical optics. VEB Verlag Technik, Berlin 1954.