Dragestil
The Dragon style is a style of architecture that was used primarily in Norway. He was born 1870 in Sweden under the name fornnordisme and spread from 1880 to 1910 in Norway. He is associated with the national romantic flow, in an effort to develop a national architectural language.
- 3.1 design
- 3.2 Construction
- 3.3 ornamentation
Historical classification
The emergence of the Dragon style falls in the period of national romanticism flow of Norway, in the endeavor was tall for an independent identity in the arts and culture. Norway was in a union with Sweden, which was terminated in 1905 by Norway.
Stylistic phases
Emergence of the Dragon style under Holm Hansen Munthe
The architect Holm Hansen Munthe, who studied in Germany in 1878 under Conrad Wilhelm Hase, coined the dragon style as architectural style concept. He brought the style through his conscious attitude ahead to the wooden architecture. Two of his earliest works, from 1883, are the waiting hall ( Ventehallen ) for steamship passengers in Pipervika district (Oslo ) and the Saugbrugs Association Directory (now Oscar II Portal) Norwegian Industrial and Art Exhibition. The waiting hall has been demolished and the site was transferred to the Norwegian Folk Museum in Bygdøy. His most important works in the dragon style, the Holmenkollen Turisthotell and the sanatorium, he created for the Holmenkollen Voksenkollen Society. In addition, the restaurant and the restaurant Frognerseteren Hasselbakken in the St. Hans Haugen emerged.
In 1890, the German Emperor Wilhelm II paid a state visit to Norway. He was so impressed by Munthe buildings that he commissioned him to build his hunting lodge Rominten for themselves. This was followed by further orders for a chapel and the royal naval base in Potsdam.
The dragon style came into fashion and was continued over death Munthe in 1908 also. The expansion of the Holmenkollen was carried on among other things, his assistant Henning Klouman, Balthazar Lange and Ole Sverre.
First Phase of the Dragon style
The Urnes stave churches and Borgund were important role models for the dragon style. Initially motifs of vines or the dragon snake ( drageslyng ) were copied. In the course of time, freer forms developed. This phase lasted until 1905 and was marked imaginative and nationalistic. An example of this phase is the Dalen Hotell architect Haldor Larsen Børve from the year 1894.
Second phase of the Dragon style
The second phase of the style lasted from 1900 to 1915 and was less imaginative than the first. It establishes a connection to the Art Nouveau style. Art Nouveau architects took over elements of the Dragon style and built this. The architect Henrik Bull added the Drachenstilornamentik into the government building dating from 1904. Beginning of the 20th century came to a reaction against the dragon style among the leading architects who turned away from him.
Design and style characteristics
Design
The design is based on typical house forms from the domestic market in Norway. Here, the type of house by porch houses from the 18th to the early 19th century or loft and storage buildings ( stabbur ) of the Middle Ages is borrowed. The building is placed onto a base, which can be adapted to the terrain. Probably the element of the base from the Swiss style, a northern European epoch of Wooden Architecture 1840-1920 was adopted. The asymmetrical layout is characteristic of the dragon style. The upper floors collar on one or all sides over the floor plan of the ground floor addition. Another style element are arcades or porticoes. These can be designed as arches or dwarf arcades. The often large, projecting gabled roofs are flat, unlike the Swiss style.
Construction
The construction of the building is a hybrid of the block design and the bar construction, as was usual with stave churches. The walls are unvertäfelt and were outside paved. Inside they were treated with a varnish, in order to obtain the natural wood structure. The base consist mainly of natural stones.