Dreissiger

The thirties were called refugees who had to flee as political refugees from Germany ( German -speaking ) during the freedom struggle in the 1830s or the country voluntarily left the dissenters. As the United States were considered at that time as a country with an exemplary democracy, many went out there, including Texas, Illinois or Missouri.

Historical Background

The ideas of the French Revolution (1789-1799) - "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity" - had been replicated in the German states appeal, especially among intellectuals, professors and students. "Left ", " liberal" and "national" (ie for national unity and independence reluctantly ) become synonyms of a socio-political movement, which was bitterly opposed by the organizations within the German Confederation monarch. Karlovy Vary decisions had persecution of so-called demagogues and an absolutist reaction the rulers result. Requiring the " rebels " was the production of a classless civil society, the slogan was " common good comes before self ." by labor laws, social welfare and establishment of workers' organizations wanted to fight the then widespread poverty. from an early national movement was finally a mass movement ( 27 to 30 May 1832) in highlights such as the Hambach Festival, the Frankfurt guard storm (3 April 1833), Turner festivals and song festivals found expression.

The " thirties "

" Thirties " is the collective term for those refugees, mostly intellectuals who had to leave Germany during or after the liberation struggles of the 1830s ( " Ubi libertas, ibi patria - Where is the freedom there is my native land. "). Played an important role in this context by Attorney Paul Follen (also: Follenius; 1799-1844 ), brother of the scholar and writer Karl Follen ( 1796-1840 ), Adolf Ludwig Follen and his brother Pastor Friedrich Münch ( 1799-1881 ) founded " Giessen emigration society" of 1833. Through this company wanted to not only help the emigrants, but mainly in North America to start a " new and free Germany ".

The " thirties " were in a sense the forerunner of the "Forty - Eighters ", ie that group of German refugees who had to leave their home country after the March Revolution of 1848 and are today more attention among historians. In contrast to the "Forty - Eighters " the " thirties " were more tolerant and level-headed and less doctrinaire, also they were mostly younger than their successors, as many young students belonged to it. The " thirties " saw themselves as heroic adventurers and individual fighters while the " 48er " more of a closed group of political " conviction " were.

Personalities

• Paul Follen (1799-1844), lawyer, writer and Farmer, founder of the " Giessen Emigration Society"
• Friedrich Münch (1799-1881), pastor, winemakers, politician and writer. , Founder of the " Giessen Emigration Society"
• Gustav Bunsen (1804-1836), Surgeon, leader of the Frankfurt Guard storm and fighters in the Texas War of Independence
• Theodor Engelmann (1808-1889), lawyer, journalist and newspaper editor
• Gustav Körner (1809-1896), lawyer and judge, Brigadier General, diplomat and statesman, U.S. Ambassador to Spain and vice-governor of Illinois, author and editor of the " Belleville newspaper"
• Ferdinand Lindheimer (1801-1879), botanist ( "Father of Texas Botany " ), journalist and newspaper editor