Dynamin
DynaMine are enzymes, more GTPases, which provides a form of endocytosis in the eukaryotic cell. This Dynamine are primarily involved in the constriction of newly formed vesicles from the membrane of a cell compartment. However, they also play a role in the transport of vesicles to and during fusion with the target membrane. These are usually located around the membrane of the Golgi apparatus or the cell membrane. Continue to play Dynamine a role in the division of cell organelles and cytoplasm ( cytokinesis ) and in the defense of microbial pathogens. Mutations in the gene coding for dynamin -2 gene can cause rare hereditary myopathies in humans.
Dynamine belong to the dynamin protein superfamily, which, besides the classical Dynaminen the " DynaMine - like proteins" (English: dynamin -like proteins ), Mx proteins, OPAs (short for "optic atrophy " ), Mitofusine and guanylate -binding proteins (Gbps) comprises. Dynamin itself is a 96 kDa enzyme that was discovered in the search for microtubule -based motor proteins in the brains of cattle. Dynamin has been extensively researched in the context of clathrin -mediated vesicle formation at cell membranes.
Function
Dynamin forms a vesicle in the protuberance of a membrane, a spiral structure around the neck of abknospenden vesicle. Powered by GTP hydrolysis, the spiral of length expands to, where they close wraps around the neck of the vesicle. This eventually leads to the pinching off of the vesicle membrane of the original membrane. (Pictures to: see below links )
The narrowing of the Dynaminspirale is partly due to rotational movement of the dynamin, which is strictly a function of the GTPase activity. Dynamin exists as a right-handed helix and the rotation by GTP cleavage is also to the right, so that shortens the Dynaminspirale, as well as a telephone cable to turn. Dynamin is the only known " molecular motor " that performs such a rotation.
Isoforms
In mammals, three different dynamin genes are known: dynamin 2 is expressed in most cell types, dynamin 1 is found in neurons and neuroendocrine cells and dynamin 3 is highly expressed in the testes, but also in heart, brain and lungs.
Epilepsy
New studies indicate that inhibition of the interaction between dynamin and syndapin interrupt the communication between nerve cells leads. This could be a potential point of attack in the treatment of epilepsy, amnesia or schizophrenia in the future.