Dysphania botrys
Sticky Drüsengänsefuß ( Dysphania botrys )
The Sticky Drüsengänsefuß ( Dysphania botrys ), also known as adhesive Drüsengänsefuß or Ordinary Drüsengänsefuß, is a species of the genus glands goose feet ( Dysphania ) within the family of Amaranthaceae ( Amaranthaceae ). It is distributed in Eurasia.
- 6.1 Nahrungspflanze
- 6.2 Medicinal plant
- 6.3 Other uses
- 7.1 Notes and references
Description
Vegetative characteristics
The Sticky Drüsengänsefuß is an annual herbaceous plant. The aboveground plant parts are tight with short-stalked, sticky glandular hairs ( trichomes ) is covered and thus he smells intensely aromatic by pine resin. The upright to ascending stems is (rarely to 100) cm thick branches to a height of 10 to 60 from the base at more or less.
The alternate, yellow-green leaves are petiolate 2 to 10 mm long and have a length of 1.3 to 4 ( up to 7 ) cm and a width of 1 to 2.7 cm. The elongated leaf blade is pinnate with about five or ganzrandigen little toothed lobes, on the edge of lyre-shaped, rounded, wedge-shaped at the base. The upper leaves are smaller, lanceolate and often entire.
Inflorescence and flower
The terminal, 12 to 24 cm long translucent aged men total inflorescences are composed of axillary, clearly stalked and branched zymösen part inflorescences. In the upper part of the inflorescence, the bracts are greatly reduced. Bracteoles absent.
The flowers are hermaphrodite. The perianth consists of five (rarely four) free, yellow - green, hautrandigen, densely glandular on the back of the tepals, the elliptical at a length of 0.7 to 1.1 mm and a width of 0.5 to 0.7 mm to ovate -oblong and are wearing no keel and no comb-like bumps on the rounded back. There are one to three (rarely five) stamens and an ovary with two upper continuous thread-like scars present.
The flowering period extends from July to August.
Fruit and seeds
The fruit is surrounded by the upright perianth. The membranous pericarp is initially papillose and later becomes wrinkled and weißfleckig and is the seed of. The horizontal or slightly flattened spherical seed has a diameter of 0.6 to 1 mm. The black seed coat is smooth to rugose, without pits, with a rounded or indistinctly furrowed edge.
Chromosome number and photosynthetic
The chromosome number is 2n = 18, 2n = 16 once is also given.
The Sticky Drüsengänsefuß is a C3 plant with normal leaf anatomy.
Ecology
The Sticky Drüsengänsefuß is a sommerannueller Therophyt. The glands can be interpreted as a drought adaptation and as a defense mechanism. They also serve to Klebausbreitung of fruits and whole plant that has thus become a cultural companion.
The flowers are gynomonözisch, that is beside hermaphrodite purely female flowers occur. Pollination is usually caused by the wind.
Occurrence
The Sticky Drüsengänsefuß is native to the warm temperate regions of Asia and Europe. Its natural range includes south-western Europe, southern Central Europe, Southeast Europe, possibly North Africa, Southwest Asia, Central Asia and Nepal to the Chinese province of Xinjiang. As a naturalized or cultivated species it also comes in other regions before subtropical to warm temperate climate.
Its habitat is dry, sandy or gravelly slopes, Lehmflächen, valleys and river terraces, barren land, or path sides as roadsides up to an altitude of about 2000 meters.
In Germany the Sticky Drüsengänsefuß is naturalized as a neophyte about since the 19th century, where he grows in ephemeral weeds corridors, such as nitrogen- loving river corridors Report ( Chenopodion rubri ) or in salt herb corridors on urban-industrial special locations ( Salsolion ). In the system of plant sociology, he is a Kennart the Association Chenopodietum botryos. He is regarded as indicator plant for heat or maritime climate.
System
Dysphania botrys belongs to the sub-section Botrys ( Aellen & Ilyin ) Mosyakin & Clemants in the section Botryoides ( CAMey. ) Mosyakin & Clemants within the genus Dysphania.
The first publication was in 1753 by Linnaeus under the name ( basionym ) botrys Chenopodium L. Species Plantarum, 1, S. 219, Sergei Mosyakin and Steven Clemants presented this way as Dysphania botrys, 2002 in the genus Dysphania ( in Ukrajins'kyj Botaničnyj žurnal, 59 (4), p 383 ).
This style was often grouped into different genera. Are synonyms for Dysphania botrys (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants Ambrina, botrys (L.) Moq. , Atriplex botrys (L.) Crantz, Botrydium botrys (L.) Small, botrys Chenopodium L., Neobotrydium botrys (L.) Moldenke Roubieva botrys (L. ) Foot, Teloxys botrys (L.) WAWeber and vulvaria botrys (L.) Bubani.
Trivial names
The Sticky Drüsengänsefuß is also called adhesive Drüsengänsefuß, Common Drüsengänsefuß, Sticky Goosefoot, glandular goosefoot and Berthold herb.
Use
Food plant
The leaves of the Sticky glands goose foot are cooked as a vegetable edible, but should be consumed only in small amounts because of the saponins. The leaves can be used as a tea substitute.
The seeds are edible. Before cooking you soaked them overnight in water and then rinsed off well, to reduce the saponin content. The seeds can also be ground into flour and used as a flour additive, but the harvest of small seeds is tedious.
Medicinal plant
Sticky Drüsengänsefuß is an anti-asthmatic and is also used for the treatment of catarrh. Also, as a substitute for Mexican Drüsengänsefuß ( Dysphania ambrosioides ) as agents against worm infections ( anthelmintic ) it has been used. However, the essential oil does not contain the active ingredient ascaridol.
Other uses
From the whole plant of gold and green dyes can be obtained.
The dried plants can be used as a repellent against moths. In Sachets aromatic plants are used for scenting.
The Sticky Drüsengänsefuß is used as an ornamental plant.