Dysphania pumilio

Called Australian Drüsengänsefuß ( Dysphania pumilio ), also Australia - Australian Drüsengänsefuß or goosefoot, is a flowering plant in the family Amaranthaceae ( Amaranthaceae ).

• 6.1 Notes and references

Description

Vegetative characteristics

The Australian Drüsengänsefuß is an annual herbaceous plant that is covered with curved, uniseriate multicellular hairs and short-stalked yellowish glandular hairs and an unpleasant smell, mint -like. The low- lying or upturned stem is at a length of 10 to 80 cm from the bottom of branched with prostrate or ascending branches. The change-constant leaves are stalked 0.3 to 1.5 cm long. The pale green, particularly under hand glands hairy leaf blade to a length of 0.5 to 3 (up to 4 ) inches and a width of 0.3 to 1.5 cm. The Spreitenform is elliptic to oblong- ovate with three to four rounded lobes on both sides, rounded at the base wedge- shaped, and at the top.

Inflorescence and flower

The inflorescences consist of sitting in the leaf axils, densely knäueligen zymösen part inflorescences from four to nine flowers together. The leaf -like bracts with a length of 3 to 4.5 mm overhang the flower clusters, they are elliptic with crenate - serrated edge and blunt tip. The hermaphrodite flowers have a perianth of five almost to the base separate, initially green tepals. With a length of about 0.6 to 0.7 mm and a width of 0.2 to 0.3 mm, they are narrowly elliptic to narrowly oblong, rounded on the back and loose glandular hairy. Usually only one or two stamens are present, sometimes they are not developed. The Upper constant ovary bears two scars.

The flowering period extends from June to September. The pollination is generally due to the wind.

Fruit and seeds

At the time hardens the fruit perianth and is whitish, between the tepals, the fruit is visible. The membranous, slightly wrinkled pericarp is due to the seeds. The reddish- brown to reddish- black vertical seed is ovoid with a diameter of 0.5 to 0.7 mm in outline and keeled on the edge or rounded. The seed coat is smooth.

Chromosome number

As chromosome number was specified in several studies, 2n = 18. Once found 2n = 16.

Photosynthetic

The Australian Drüsengänsefuß is a C3 plant with normal leaf anatomy.

Ecology

The Australian Drüsengänsefuß is a food plant for the soil bug " Rutherglen Bug" ( Nysius vinitor ).

Occurrence

Dysphania pumilio is native to Australia and used in Tasmania and New Zealand. As an introduced species, it also occurs in temperate, subtropical and arid regions of other continents, such as in Asia (Japan, Iran) in southern Africa, North America (USA) and South America ( Argentina). In Europe it is widespread, as it is considered naturalized in the Benelux countries, Germany, Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Spain, Portugal and Ukraine.

In Germany the Australian Drüsengänsefuß has been introduced in 1890 and is now a naturalized neophyte. It grows on dry river banks falling in river corridors Report ( in the system of plant sociology: Association Chenopodion rubri ). He is also to be found in short-lived ruderal vegetation on railway stations, dumps or paths (Class Sisymbrietea officinalis). As the heat- loving nature, he thrives in full sunlight on dry, nutrient- rich, sandy-gritty soil.

System

Dysphania pumilio belongs within the genus Dysphania to section Orthospora ( R.Br. ) Mosyakin & Clemants.

The first publication was in 1810 by Robert Brown under the name Chenopodium pumilio in Prodromus Novae Florae Hollandiae, S. 407, Sergei Mosyakin and Steven Clemants presented this way in 2002 as Dysphania pumilio in the genus Dysphania ( in Ukrajins'kyj Botaničnyj Žurnal, Volume 59 (4 ), p 382).

Synonyms for Dysphania pumilio ( R.Br. ) Mosyakin & Clemants are Ambrina pumilio Moq. , Blitum pumilio ( R.Br. ) CAMey. , Chenopodium glandulosum ( Moq. ) F.Muell. , Chenopodium pumilio R.Br. and Teloxys pumilio ( R.Br. ) W.A.Weber. According to the Flora of North America, this species was often inaccurately called Chenopodium carinatum.

Economic Importance

The Australian Drüsengänsefuß applies in Australia as a weed in pastures, gardens and fields. It produces a toxin that reduced the germination and the growth of crops. Under certain conditions it may cause in grazing sheep a cyanide poisoning, while cattle are slightly affected.