East Franconian German

Spoken in

• Indo-European Germanic West Germanic high German upper German East Frankish

East Frankish is the southeastern dialect group of Franconian dialects and belongs as high Franconian dialect continuum within the transition region between the Central German and Upper German -speaking world, where it is attributed usually the latter group. The East Frankish -speaking area extends from the Heilbronn -Franken and Tauberfranken region of Baden -Württemberg through the Bavarian administrative districts Central, Lower and Upper Franconia, southern Thuringia over the Bavarian Vogtland up in the transition area of the Saxon Vogtland. In Hesse is called the East Frankish especially in the field of the Rhön. Until the expulsion of the German Bohemia, the East Frankish dialect territory reached to the present day Czech Republic. In the vernacular, the East Franconian dialects are simply called Franconian.

Demarcation

The East Frankish is generally deferred by various isoglosses of neighboring languages:

• From the Rhine Franconian ( Palatine and Hessian ) by the Germersheim line and the Speyer line ( isogloss ): In the East Frankish 'p' shifted completely to pf, so it is called in the Rhine Franconian s Pund Äppel, in the East Frankish contrast en pounds of apples.
• From the Swabian by a unit of plural lines: In the Swabian verbs are always the same conjugate ( mähet me, you mähet, they mähet ) in the plural, while mow me in the East Frankish, mähet her, her name is mow. Another difference is the monophthongization of Middle High German diphthong ei: A stone is called in the East Frankish states (s) or Stee ( n ), in the Swabian contrast Stoi (s) or Stoa (s).
• From the East Frankish Bairischen is delimited by the personal pronouns 2nd person plural: East Frankish this is in the nominative and accusative and dative her you / Aich; in Bavarian contrast ees ( rare AEDs, deeds, diats ) and enk.
• As a border to the Thuringian- Upper Saxon also the Speyer line ( isogloss ) or a Isoglossenbündel is used either. Other differences from the Thuringian- Upper Saxony, the n - apocope and the schwa apocope. The transition between the East Frankish and Erzgebirgisch is fluid.
• As a border to southFrankish in the literature is often laid - fescht line indicated ( Südfränkisch fescht firmly against the East Frankish ). According to this definition would have the (otherwise the East Frankish assigned ) Hohenlohe and other areas in the Ansbach area, however, be counted for southFrankish.

Phonology

A peculiarity of the East Franconian dialects is the smoothing of word endings: eg Nuremberg as Nämberch, Fürth as abil (r ) dd pronounced. Also characteristic (most found in Nürnbergischen ) is the rolled r as well as the domestic German consonant weakening of unvoiced (hard) aspirated consonants ( t - standard German in the perception Speaker - d, k becomes g, etc.) The second sound shift as in all Upper German dialects ( almost) completely carried out, so that one pf the volume used in all the East Franconian dialects.

The vocal booth is in the East Franconian German mostly intermediate, but not uniformly. Depending on the region East Frankish dialects have in common with neighboring dialects on. The Middle High German centering diphthongs ie [ iə ] uo [ uə ] and üe [ yə ] were the west of Upper Franconia and the north of Lower Franconia repectively in the north of Middle Franconia. In the south of Lower Franconia and in the west of Middle Franconia the old diphthongs as in the Alemannic, Swabian and Bavarian has been retained. In the Franco- Bavarian northern transition zone in Central and Upper Franconia they were " overthrown " as in North Bairischen to falling diphthongs. Another linguistic boundary within the East Franconian is the implementation of Entlabialisierung: In Lower Franconia and the western Upper Franconia were ö, ü and eu / maintained AEU, while in Central Franconia and the eastern Upper Franconia as in almost all High German dialects to e, i and ei / ai were unrounded. Thus, there is the Middle High German diphthong üe [ yə ] in the East Frankish five different realizations. A typical medium- German feature of all the East Frankish dialects is the monophthongization Middle High German vowels ei [ ɛi ] ou [ ɔu ] and ÖU [ Oey ].

The following table shows the different development of the vowels and diphthongs the example of five Eastern Frankish dialects:

Morphosyntax

Unlike many dialects, which are distinguished mainly by their different phonology and a different vocabulary, the East Frankish has preserved or developed many of its own morphosyntactic rules.

• Tempus: The synthetic past tense is completely replaced by the analytic perfect. I ate → I 've eaten. This linguistic peculiarity is by no means confined to the dialect speaker. Rather, it is that one evades the past tense in the written language, if possible, because it is uncommon in the vernacular.
• Infinitive: The Frankish infinitive ends in Lower Franconia and in the Hohenlohe primarily on -e ( hope, make them), in Upper and Middle Franconia in-n ( hoff'n, mach'n ). Some dialects of East Frankish ( Schweinfurt, Würzburg) enter as the only German dialects on fixed Infinitivendungen and are thus similar to the English. The main Frankish infinitive is usually achieved by omitting the -en infinitive of High German: sleep → sleep, criticize → kritisier. The fact that the omission of the " s " is not a simple phonetic phenomenon, but may be regarded as grammaticalized well demonstrated by the fact that the -en of 1st and 3rd person plural forms, the homophonic in High German the infinitive are obtained remains: we must sleep - I (we ) need to sleep ( remains unchanged); you have to sleep - you have to sleep ( changed )
• Past participle: The diffraction shipments are reduced in some regions: eaten to gegess or gessn; same time, the past participle is frequently formed weak: rather know it says gewisst instead intends thought or thinks.
• Case: The possessive genitive in persons is replaced by a German dialect from all areas, but also Turkish, familiar combination of dative and pronouns: Eve of Eve her sister → ( e) sister. Otherwise, the genitive by the analytical form of dative is replaced. Typical of East Frankish dialects is also the dative -General of many prepositions that pull in the High German the accusative or genitive after themselves: because of me → about me, without me → no me for you → for you, against you → against thee, comes up to it → on you it depends, etc.
• Relative pronoun: The use of the word "where" is as relative particle mandatory here (as in the Alemannic ). The German high relative to that which does not replace where, but are optional additions: The woman where I know ... The movie where you told me yesterday that ...

East Frankish dialects

The East Frankish dialect group is divided unterostfränkisches, oberostfränkisches and South East Franconian dialect area in the Concise Dictionary of Bavarian Franconia, a work of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences in the three main groups. The unterostfränkische dialect area includes the Coburg area, the grabfeldische dialect, the so-called sub- Franconian in the Würzburg area and all Franconian dialects northwest thereof. Most areas of Upper Franconia and Middle Franconia are thereby expected to oberostfränkischen speaking world. The South East Franconian area mainly covers parts of northeastern Baden- Württemberg Bavaria and adjacent areas, especially in the western Middle Franconia.

The Linguasphere Register (Issue 1999/2000, page 431, Zone 52 -ACB- dj) leads under the East Franconian dialects to 14:

• Hohenlohisch (Baden- Württemberg: Crailsheim, Schwäbisch Hall, Gerabronn, Künzelsau, Öhringen, Rothenburg ob der Tauber, Bad Mergentheim )
• Ansbachisch ( Bavaria: Ansbach, Neustadt an der Aisch )
• Main Fränkisch Tauber Green Disch ( Bavaria / Baden- Württemberg: old County of Wertheim, Tauberbischofsheim )
• Rhönerisch ( Bavaria: Bad Kissingen, Bishop home at the Rhön; Hesse: Gersfeld, Hilders; Thuringia: Bad Salzungen )
• Under Frankish ( Bavaria: Wurzburg, Schweinfurt )
• Grabfeldisch ( Bavaria: Bad Königshofen, Mellrichstadt; Thuringia: Römhild, Franconia Home )
• Hennebergisch (Thuringia Schmalkalden, Meiningen, Zella- Mehlis, Suhl, Schleusingen )
• Itzgründisch ( Bavaria: Coburg, Neustadt, Michelau; Thuringia: Sonneberg, Hildburghausen )
• Bambergisch (Bayern: Bamberg, Forchheim )

The Concise Dictionary of Bavarian Franconia divided one of these dialect areas fine. Thus, in the Upper Franconian, distinguish each different dialect areas in Bamberg and Ansbach. In addition, performs work as another dialect area

• Nürnbergisch ( Bavaria: Nuremberg area ) on.

The Vogtländische is spoken in the transition region from the East Franconian to the Thuringian- Upper Saxon:

• Vogtland region ( Bavaria: Töpen, Joditz; Saxony: Plauen, Klingenthal)

Research

The vocabulary of East Franconian dialects is recorded and described in the East Frankish dictionary. The Linguistic Atlas of Lower Franconia, the Linguistic Atlas of Middle Franconia and the Linguistic Atlas of Northeast Bavaria capture the voice geography of the East Franconian dialects in Bavaria. The East Franconian dialects in the area of the Free State of Thuringia were from the work site Thüringisches dictionary or to be explored scientifically by their successor to the job Thuringian dialect research in Jena.