Echinacea purpurea

Purple coneflower ( Echinacea purpurea)

Purple coneflower ( Echinacea purpurea), also called Red Light coneflower, is a perennial plant of the genus sun hats (Echinacea ) in the sunflower family ( Asteraceae). It is native to the eastern and central United States, where it is called Eastern purple coneflower or Purple coneflower -.

• 6.1 Notes and references

Description

Appearance and leaves

Echinacea purpurea grows as a perennial, herbaceous plant, the plant height 50 can reach up to 120 centimeters. Are formed fibrous roots. The vegetative parts of the plant are covered with mostly with spread to ascending hairs or sometimes bare. The upright stems are usually brownish green.

The alternate on the stem are arranged distributed leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The petiole is usually 0 to 17, rarely up to 25) cm long. The leaf blade is at a length of 5 to 30 cm and a width of 1 to rare, usually 5 to 12 cm ovate to narrowly lanceolate, usually with rounded to heart- shaped Spreitenbasis. There are three or five veins visible. The leaf margin is usually cut to dentate, rarely smooth.

Inflorescence, flower and fruit

The flowering period extends in North America from late spring to summer ( in Europe, depending on location around May and October). On a 8-25 cm long inflorescence stem is a single, relatively large, basket- shaped inflorescence. The bracts are durable with a length of 8 to 17 mm and a width of 1 to 8 mm linear to lanceolate. The conical bottom inflorescence ( Receptaculum ) has a height 1.4 to 4.5 cm and a diameter of 2 to 4 cm. The chaff leaves are 9 to 15 mm, straight or slightly curved, red - orange, stachelspitzigen end.

An inflorescence contains florets ( ray florets = ) and florets ( = disc florets ). The ray florets pink to purple petals on the bottom are sparsely hairy and 3-8 cm long 0.7 to 1.9 cm wide tongue is spreading to recurved. The tubular flowers the petals are 4.5 to 5.7 mm long and the Corolla lobe greenish or pink to purple.

The gray - white achenes are 3.5 to 5 mm long. The achenes are mostly bare, but which are developed from the ray florets sometimes hairy at the edges. The durable Pappus is 1.2 mm long and consists of the same teeth.

Set of chromosomes

The basic chromosome number is x = 11; it lies in front of diploidy, ie 2n = 22

Dissemination

Echinacea purpurea is prevalent in the northeastern, north-central, southeastern and south central United States. It comes in the U.S. states of Indiana, southern Michigan, Ohio, Illinois, southern Iowa, Kansas ( only Cherokee County), Missouri, eastern Oklahoma, Wisconsin, Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee and Texas naturally. In the Canadian province of Ontario is wild. Echinacea purpurea thrives in North America from the Great Plains to the Great Lakes and the Rocky Mountains.

In Europe, Echinacea purpurea is in Germany, Austria, Poland ( known there Jeżówka purpurowa ), Moldova ( known there Ехиначие рошу ) and Ukraine ( there called Ехiнацея пурпурова ) a neophyte.

Echinacea purpurea thrives in the U.S. on rocky sites, open woods, thickets, prairies, especially near waterways at altitudes between 10 and 400 meters.

Taxonomy

The first publication was in 1753 by Linnaeus in Species Plantarum, 2, p 907 as Rudbeckia purpurea. The new combination to Echinacea purpurea (L. ) Moench Conrad Moench was Methodus Plantas Horti 1794 in Botanici et Agri Marburgensis: published a staminum situ describendi, p 591, Echinacea purpurea is the type species of the genus Echinacea. Other synonyms for Echinacea purpurea (L. ) Moench nom. cons. are: Brauneria purpurea (L. ) Britt, Echinacea purpurea var arkansana Steyerm, Echinacea purpurea fo. .. liggettii Steyerm. , Echinacea purpurea var serotina ( Nutt. ) LHBailey, Echinacea serotina ( Nutt. ) DC. , Rudbeckia purpurea var serotina Nutt., Rudbeckia serotina ( Nutt. ) Sweet. The specific epithet means purpurea purple and refers to the color of the petals are.

Use

Varieties of Echinacea purpurea are used as ornamental plants in parks and gardens.

The leaves can be eaten. The active ingredients of purple coneflower herb - pressed juice be used in the short-term use for prevention and treatment of colds to stimulate the immune system. The cichoriin content of the plant increases significantly between floral induction and senescence.

Pests

Slugs eat this plant, particularly vulnerable is the first bud break in the spring.

Swell

• Lowell E. Urbatsch, Kurt M. Neubig & Patricia B. Cox: Echinacea: Echinacea purpurea, S. 91 - the same text online as well as printed work, In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee ( eds.): Flora of North America North of Mexico, Volume 21 - Magnoliophyta: unranked ( in part): Asteraceae, part 3, Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2006, ISBN 0-19-530565-5 (sections reporting and dissemination ).
• Echinacea purpurea in the Germplasm Resources Information Network ( GRIN), USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Accessed on 30 August 2013.