Echinochloa frumentacea

Japan millet ( Echinochloa frumentacea )

Japan millet ( Echinochloa frumentacea ) also called wheat millet, Sawahirse, is a kind of millet, which is cultivated mainly in East Asia as a food and in the U.S. as a forage crop. It belongs to the family of grasses ( Poaceae ).

Dissemination

The Japan millet is found in all tropical regions of the world ( pantropical ) with the origin in the Old World.

Features

This annual herbaceous plant has sturdy, upright and between 1 and 1.5 meters high stalks. The leaf sheaths and leaf blades are soft and hairless. The leaves can reach between 15 and 40 centimeters in length and between 1 and 2.4 millimeters in width. Their wavy edges are thickened cartilaginous. Ligule ( ligules ) are not formed.

The inflorescence is a dense, strong, elongated panicle, which can measure up to 20 centimeters. The main axis is rough and hairy. The 1 to 3 inches long, closely spaced and at times overlapping branches of the panicle are wavy. The greenish to purple, grannenlosen and crowded spikelets are standing broad oval and between 2.5 and 3.5 millimeters long. The glume are shorter than the spikelet. The caryopses are long. The flowering and fruiting season is between August and October.

Synonyms

Synonyms of this type are:

  • Oplismenus frumentaceus Kunth, Revis. Gramin. 1 (1829 ) 45
  • Panicum crus- galli var frumentaceum Trim. , Cat. Ceyl. Pl (1885) 104
  • Echinochloa crus- galli var frumentacea WFWight, Cent. Dict. Sup (1909) 810
  • Echinochloa crus- galli subsp. colona edulis var Honda in Bot Mag Tokyo 37 (1923) 123
  • Echinochloa colonum var frumentaceum Ridl. , Fl. Time. Penins. 5 (1925) 223
  • Panicum crus- galli var edule ( Hitchc. ) Thell. in Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt -Eur. , 2nd ed, 1 ( 1935) 264
  • Panicum frumentaceum Roxb. , Fl. Ind. 1 (1820) 307, non Salisb. (1796 )
  • Echinochloa crus- galli edulis Hitchc. in U.S.D.A. Bull 772 (1920) 238

Use

In Asia, Africa, the western U.S. and Canada, Japan millet is sometimes referred to as palatable pasture and forage grass (hay ) and cultured for bird feed. In many cases they will be planted to protect against erosion on freshly wrapped, sandy soils. In Egypt it is used in the reclamation of saline soils. The corn is growing very fast. It takes only six weeks from seed to harvest. In Egypt, India, Kashmir and Sikkim, the shelled corn is cooked like rice. Japanese millet sometimes is also used for beer production.

Panicoideae Genus Species Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link Caryopsis
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