Edgar Manas

Edgar Manas (Armenian Էտկառ Մանաս; born April 12, 1875 in Constantine Opel, Opel vilayet Constantinople, Ottoman Empire, † March 9, 1964 ) was a Turkish composer, conductor and musicologist. The ethnic Armenians is one of three co-authors of the Turkish National Anthem ( Istiklal Marsi ), since he created the instrumental and orchestral version of the national anthem.

Origin

Edgar's father, the Armenians Alexandre Manas, was the chief translator of the Ottoman administration for public debt. The family lineage is to Caesarea ( Kayseri today ) returned to where they originated from the mid-17th century. Manas Raphael (1710-1790), an official painter of the Ottoman Empire, was one of the most famous figures of the Manas - family: he painted the portraits of the sultans Mahmud I, Osman III. and Mustafa III ..

Early life

Edgar Manas himself was born on April 12, 1875 in Constantine Opel ( since 1930 Istanbul). The artistically and technically gifted young Edgar was sent at the age of 13 years to Italy, where he visited the Armenian Murat- Raphaelian school to study trade and commerce. In Venice he had piano lessons with Professor Trivellini. After he graduated in 1894, he returned to his hometown. However, it drew its momentum to continue his musical studies, returned to Italy, where he settled in Padua and worked with the composer Luigi Bottazzo, but he focused on harmony, counterpoint and fugue.

Professional career

In 1912 he made ​​the acquaintance of Komitas, the founder of modern Armenian music. Although their relationship was warm, she was not particularly close, as Manas and Komitas lived in different aesthetic worlds.

In the same year published the Leipzig Breitkopf & Härtel two of Edgar Manas ' compositions - Suite for piano and string quartet. This was followed by other European publishing houses, including Salabert, Senard and Hamelle.

" This quartet comes ... Neoclassic neuromantischer emotional and mental sphere. It begins with a Fughetta that builds on rhythmic- full of character theme, and can be a concise, squat Stakkatoscherzo with a Lento cantabile trio to -face follow. A short, " song" called, great melodic arches exciting Adagio follows as the third set, and a lively and spirited go - flowing "Finale ", full inner life, concludes the work terse. Without harmonically or formally to seek new territory, it shows the hand of a well- familiar with the nature of the quartet style musician who makes excellent thematic working and honest, any affectation abholdem forming and shaping is enough. An equally worth hearing as playing worth piece. "

Manas soon became the Directorate of Քնար ( Lyre ) appointed choir, accompanied by the Armenian Youth League of Constantinople Opel. Between 1920 and 1922 he was part of the Արուեստասէր ( devotee of the Arts ) Music organization. At the last concert on January 20, 1922, the program included also Manas ' own composition Իմ մահը ( " My Death ").

Manas has also taught music at the Armenian Esayan - day school and in 1923 set in Dârülelhan ( the predecessor of the Istanbul State Conservatory ) to conduct the orchestra and choir to lead the first woman in the newly founded Turkish Republic under Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Manas also taught harmony at the Bahariye Mektep Bandosu ve Orkestrası. The vocal- symphonic ensemble of the Conservatory presented their first concert at the historic Galatasaray High School on March 28, 1924. The program included excerpts from Saint- Samson et Dalila Saënss, Meyerbeer's L' Africaine, Schumann Nänie, and pure orchestral works by Gluck, Schmitt Schumann and Mendelssohn.

In 1923 Hamelle a collection of songs of Manas, which were based on Armenian poetry, but were presented in their French translation of Yetvart Kolandjian. 1924 was followed by the publication of his Sonata for Violin and Piano, first presented at the December 19, 1932 at the main auditorium of the Paris Conservatoire and received with critical evaluation. Kevork Sinanian what the violinist.

In February 1926 Salabert printed from Paris Manas ' piano works, Les Iles des Princes ( Princes' Islands ). The composition consisted of four movements, each of them formed from one of the main islands of the archipelago in the Sea of ​​Marmara.

Edgar Manas is best known for his composition of Istiklal Marsi, the Turkish national anthem. In 1932 he was commissioned by the Turkish state to harmonize created by Zeki Üngör melody and orchestrate. In 1933, a chorus of 160 members of his Şarkısı Vatan ( Fatherland song) on Tepebaşı Tiyatrosu in Istanbul. The following year, arranged and published Manas 5 Türk Halk Şarkısı ( five Turkish folk songs ) and composed in 1935 Danses populaires Turques ( Turkish Folk Dances ) for piano, published by Editions Maurice Senard in Paris.

Manas became the choir master of Գողթան երգչախումբ (The Choir of Goghtn ) of the Armenian Patriarchate Church in Istanbul, where he served twenty years until 1957. His Rapsodie de l' Orient in 1959 presented by Istanbul's orchestra under the direction of Cemal Resit Rey.

The most famous church music of Edgar Manas is the Divine Liturgy for soloists, choir and organ. It was originally received in 1912, but its final form was given in 1948. Compositions on a large scale had its premiere in 1961 in Istanbul and were published in Vienna in 1962. In the printed evaluation of the composer writes:

" Compared to the Latin Mass, Which Consists of five movements of various lengths, the Armenian Divine Liturgy is made ​​of several short segments did are inter connected. In order to avoid any kind of monotony and to Conclude the work with a proper ending, I Decided to augment Certain numbers ... and finish the composition with a chorale fugue and. This Particular Divine Liturgy with organ obbligato, reserved for special occasions, requires a big chorus in order to project The Necessary volume in loud portions, and to create even and opaque sonority in soft passages. "

Edgar Manas died on 9 March 1964 in Istanbul and is buried in the Catholic cemetery Pangaltı of Şişli.

Compositions

Orchestral

  • Symphony in G minor (1935 )
  • Symphonietta
  • Les îles des princes, suite
  • Deux pièces
  • Rapsodie de l' Orient

Church

  • Oratorio, vv, chorus, orch. ( Խորհուրդ խորին, Հրեշտակային, Ի բարութեանց, Յայս յարկ, Ամէն. Եւ ընդ հոգւոյդ քում, Օրհնեցից զՏէր ) ( 1912)
  • Tantum Ergo (Latin text of St. Thomas Aquinas ), male voices choir Three
  • Հինգ հոգեւոր երգ - Նշանաւ, Ի յամուլ երկրէ, Մայր լուսոյն, Տէր թագաւորեաց, Ով երանելիդ ( Five Sacred Melodies ), vv, chorus ( arr. for pf)
  • Երգեցողութիւն Ս. Պատարագի (Armenian Divine Liturgy ), vv, chorus, org. (1962)

Secular choral

  • Աղբիւրին առջեւ (from The Fountainhead / Text Kurken Trentz ) Men's Choir
  • Աշնանային ( Autumnal / text unknown), chorus, pf (arr. a cappella )
  • Որսկան աղբէր, Գութանի երգը ( Plow song / text by Hovhannes Tumanyan ), chorus (1939 )
  • Իմ մահը (My Death / text of Bedros Tourian ), choir
  • Le livre de la vie ( text by Alphonse de Lamartine ), Two Voices Choir
  • Լոյսդ տեսայ (I Witnessed Your Light / Text Toros Azadyan ) Men's Choir
  • Ծաղիկ մէ սիրտն ( The heart Is a Flower / text by Toros Azadyan ) Men's Choir
  • Հինգ խմբերգ - Վարդերգ, Գարուններ, Գարնան անձրեւ, Կեանքը, Բաղձանք ( Five choral pieces / Text Kurken Trentz ) chorus, pf (arr. Choir, Orch )
  • Altın Yüzük, Havuz BASI ( Golden Ring, By the Fountain ), chorus, pf (arr. )
  • Indim Dere beklerim, Şahin ( Waiting by the River, Eagle), chorus, pf (arr. )

Stage

  • Ձիւնափայլին վախճանը ( Kinderoperett )

Songs (with piano )

  • Անցեալին ( In the Past / Text Toros Azadyan )
  • Դարդըս լացէք (Feel My Pain / Text Avetik Isahakyan - 1947)
  • Երեք երգեր - Հրաւէր, Գիշերային, Գարնանային (Three songs / Text Toros Azadyan )
  • Ըղձանք ( Desire / Text Kurken Trentz )
  • 5 Türk Halk Şarkısı - Ahmet Kara tavuk, Aşkın, Yalı Havasi, Dama çıkma ( five Turkish folk songs - 1934)
  • Հին մեղեդին, Երգ ( Ancient Melody, song / Text Malvine Valideyan )
  • Preghiera dell'alba ( text A. Negri )
  • Սիրերգ ( Love song / Text Misak Medzarents )
  • Vocalise for 3 voices
  • Հծծիւններ ( Whispers / Text Kurken Trentz - 1963)
  • Pepo ( from the movie score by Aram Khachaturian ), (arr. )

Chamber

  • Piano Quintet
  • String Quartet
  • Sonata for vn and pf ( 1923)

Piano

  • Impromptu
  • Minuet - Valse (1905 )
  • Suite ( Romance en forme de valse, chanson Paysanne, Mazurka - 1912)
  • Two Preludes et fugues, C, f
  • Les îles des Princes
  • Petite suite ( Bourrée, Aria, Toccata )
  • Danses populaires Turques ( Oyun Havasi, divan, zeybek oyun Havasi, Agir zeybek oyunu, Gelin Havasi, Agir zeybek oyun Havasi, zeybek oyun Havasi )
  • Allegro symphonique, 4 hands (1908 )
  • Petite piece, 4 hands
  • Melody populaire, 4 hands
Armenian language Mahmud I. Mustafa III. List of Armenian composers Christoph Willibald Gluck Armenian literature Integrated Authority File
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