Elettaria

Green Cardamom ( Elettaria )

Elettaria is a genus in the subfamily Alpinioideae from the ginger family ( Zingiberaceae ), which belongs to the monocot plants. It is only the Green cardamom ( Elettaria ) known as a spice and medicinal plant.

• 3.1 Notes and references

Description

Vegetative characteristics

Elettaria species are small to large, perennial herbaceous plants. They are creeping rhizomes as outlasting. There are usually formed robust " pseudo tribes " of mostly many leaves. The large leaves are divided into petioles and leaf blades lanceolate.

Generative features

Direct from the rhizome is a creeping sometimes, usually short, leafless inflorescence stem which is often completely underground developed. In a terminal, extended, berzweigten inflorescence with small bracts are each about one -tube cover a flower; so more than one is in an inflorescence to many flowers.

The hermaphrodite, zygomorphic flowers are triple with double perianth, the white flower colors or from yellow to orange. The three sepals are fused Roehrig. The three petals are fused with Roehrig Kronlappen that are less than half as long as the corolla tube. Only the median stamen of the inner circle is fertile; it has a short or no visible stamens. The dust bag has inconspicuous until no appendages. All other stamens are converted to staminodes and at least one or three missing. The two lateral staminodes of the outer circle are small, pfriemförmig or missing. The two lateral staminodes of the inner circle are fused to a so-called labellum; it is the most conspicuous part of the flower Represents the inverted - ovate labellum is about as long as the petals. Three carpels are fused to a dreikammerigen ovary.

The fruit capsules are spherical to ellipsoid. The seeds have an aril.

The chromosome numbers are 2n = 48, 50

Systematics and distribution

The main distribution area is Malaysia's. Eight species are found only in Borneo. A species is native to India. The most familiar type ( Elettaria ) occurs naturally only in Sri Lanka before, but is cultivated in many tropical countries and is, for example, in Tanzania as invasive plant. Guatemala is one of the largest producing countries of Green Cardamom.

The genus Elettaria belongs to the tribe Alpinieae in the subfamily Alpinioideae within the family of Zingiberaceae.

The genus Elettaria 1811, p 250 first published by William George Maton in Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 10. Type species is Elettaria (L.) Maton. for Elettaria Roxb. are: xxx .. The genus name is derived from the Elettaria Tamil word " Elettari " for the seeds of Elettaria from.

The genus Elettaria contains seven to eleven species:

• Elettaria brachycalyx S.Sakai & Nagam. The home is Borneo.
• Green Cardamom ( Elettaria (L.) Maton, Syn: Alpinia cardamomum (L.) Roxb, Amomum cardamomum L., Amomum ensal noise, Amomum racemosum Lam, Amomum repens Sundays, Amomum uncinatum Stokes, Cardamomum elletari Garsault. .. ., cardamomum malabaricum injection. , cardamomum minus ( Gaertn. ) Kuntze, cardamomum officinale Salisb. , cardamomum Oken verum, Elettaria var minus Watt, Elettaria var minuscula Burkill, Elettaria repens ( Sonn. ) Baill. , Matonia cardamomum (L Zingiber minus Gaertn ) ) Stephan & Church:. .. The home is India.
• Elettaria ensal ( Gaertn. ) Abeyw. The home is Sri Lanka.
• Elettaria kapitensis S.Sakai & Nagam. The home is Borneo.
• Elettaria linearicrista S.Sakai & Nagam. The home is Borneo.
• Elettaria longipilosa S.Sakai & Nagam. The home is Borneo.
• Elettaria longituba ( Ridl. ) Holttum: The home is the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra.
• Elettaria multiflora ( Ridl. ) RMSm. The home is Borneo.
• Elettaria rubida R.M.Sm.: The home is Borneo.
• Elettaria stoloniflora ( K.Schum. ) S.Sakai & Nagam. The home is Borneo.
• Elettaria surculosa ( K.Schum. ) BLBurtt & RMSm. The home is Borneo.

Swell

• Shoko Sakai & H. Nagamasu: Systematic studies of Bornean Zingiberaceae: Elettaria II of Sarawak, In: Edinburgh Journal of Botany, 57, 2000, pp. 227-243. (Section Description, systematics and distribution. )
• The genus Elettaria at the National Museum of Natural History ( NMNH ) of the Smithsonian Institution. (Section Description and dissemination. )
• P. N. Ravindran & K. J. Madhusoodanan: Cardamom: the genus Elettaria, CRC Press, 2002, 374 pages. ISBN 978-0-415-28493-6: Google Book Online.