Embraer EMB 312 Tucano
The Embraer EMB 312 Tucano was designed as a basic trainer and light attack aircraft depth of the Brazilian company Embraer. It is a two-seat low-wing aircraft with trapezoidal wings, retractable landing gear and air-conditioned cabin.
History
The development of this aircraft began in January 1978, after the Brazilian government had issued an order for the design and manufacture of flying prototypes and two cells for load tests on 6 December 1977. You should Neiva ( after basic training on the T-23 Aerotec Uirapuru ) previously used T-25 Universal, MB.326 Xavante and other jet aircraft replaced. Therefore, the main requirement was that the flight behavior should correspond to that of a jet trainer. The first flight of EMB 312 was held on August 16, 1980 with Colonel Luiz Fernando Cabral and Gilberto Hideo Otaka on board instead, the second prototype was launched on 10 December 1980 for the first time. As of 1981, the machine was called the Tucano. The first production aircraft had its maiden flight on 16 August 1982 after a short time before had crashed ( on 10 August 1982) one of the two prototypes. The delivery to the customer ( the Air Force Academy in Sao Paulo) began in September 1983. In July 2004, the aircraft reached its one millionth flight hour.
Technology and application
The two-seater machine is driven by a propeller turbine Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A -25C with 750 WPS. The control of the engine performance and the leaf position of Hartzell propellers carried out with a single lever. The machine is equipped with a generously glazed cockpit and Martin -Baker ejection seats Mk.8. The three-part, each simply frosted chassis is designed completely retractable.
The machine can carry up to 1000 kg external loads for training or as a ground attack aircraft, so they can be armed to 12.7 mm per 350 or 500 shots with 2 MG containers. In addition, it can carry four containers, each with 7 rockets with 37 mm or 70 - mm rockets. Alternatively, can be fitted to each 113 kg with 4 bombs of the type Mk -81.
The Brazilian Air Force had ordered 168 of these machines. She flies this machine under the designation T-27 ( Trainer) and A -27 ( trainer and light attack aircraft ). Later versions were also produced for the French armed forces. The Royal Air Force chose in March of this coach and let him make ( as Short Tucano T1) in Belfast as a substitute for the Provost ( about 130 pieces) under license by Shorts. However, to the machine with the more powerful engines Garret TPE331 -12B was equipped with 820 kW of power and four-blade propeller. Other customers of the EMB 312 include the Egyptian air force (~ 50), Iraq (~ 80), Iran (~ 20), Argentina, Honduras, Peru, Colombia, and other Latin American countries.
Mid-1990, France ordered 80 EMB 312F with French electronic elements and an air brake under the fuselage, which were delivered in 1993. During the same period extended by 1.37 m version was presented with the designation EMB 312H Super Tucano, the prototype first flew on 9 September 1991. This was equipped with a P & W Canada PT6A -68 / I with 1193 kW power and fünfblättriger propeller. In addition, avionics were changed ejection seats and other components. For these machines, the EMB 314 Super Tucano was developed for the American JPATS Competition, the first of two prototypes began its maiden flight on 15 May 1993. The two prototypes were powered by a PWC PT6A -68 -5 932 kW.
Military user
- Egypt Egypt: 40 licenses produced by Helwan
- Angola Angola: 8 6 from Peru
- Argentina Argentina: 30
- Brazil Brazil: 118 T-27 50 AT -27
- France France: 50
- Honduras Honduras: 12
- Iraq Iraq: 80 copies produced from Helwan
- Iran Iran: 50
- Colombia Colombia: 14
- Mauritania Mauritania: 4 ex France
- Paraguay Paraguay: 6
- Peru Peru: 30 (6 in Angola)
- Venezuela Venezuela: 32