Ems-Supérieur

The Département de l' Ems - Supérieur Ems - Supérieur short ( German: Department of the Upper Ems or upper -Ems, shortly Upper Department or upper - EMS Department ) was a département of the First French Empire in present-day north-western Germany. It existed from 1811 to November 1813 as one of the three Hanseatic Department. Prefecture of the department was Osnabrück.

Location

The Department was in the far northeast of the Empire France. In the southeast the Weser limited the department, in the south of the Werre, Aa, the Johannisbach and the Teutoburg Forest. In the West, the department reached to the eponymous Ems to almost up to its confluence with the Dollard and the North Sea. Other rivers in the department were the hare and the Hunte. The North handed to south about a line Dollard - Southern Jade Bay. The area had in the south portion of the low mountain ranges Teutoburg Forest and Wiehengebirge, but was predominantly in the North German Plain. Largest cities were the main town of Minden and Osnabrück.

The Department bordered last (1814 ) in the northeast and east by the French Department of the Weser estuaries in the southwest and south by the Kingdom of Westphalia ( Department of Fulda and the Aller ) in the southwest to the Grand Duchy of Berg, on the west by the department of the lip and to the north by the department of East -Ems (the latter three departments all belonging to the French Empire ).

The area was in what is now the northern part of East Westphalia and in Tecklenburger country (both North Rhine -Westphalia) and in present-day eastern and southeastern Lower Saxony. The former Department included in today's Lower Saxony region in whole or in part, the Osnabrück country, the Emsland and the Oldenburg region, of which especially the southern part ( Oldenburger Munsterland ).

History

The Department emerged as one of the three Hanseatic Department to January 1, 1811 as a result of the annexation of the territory by France. These were used mainly:

• Northeastern part of the department of Ems (formerly belonging to the Grand Duchy of Berg ), so essentially the Bergisch district Lingen ( without former cantons Nordhorn, Emlingkamp ( Emlichheim ) and without parts of the canton Lingen ). The Canton Tecklenburg later moved to Oberems - Canton Osnabrück. The rest remained in the new canton of Lingen.
• The southern part of the Duchy of Oldenburg: this referred to as Oldenburger Munsterland part of the Duchy formed the major part of the district Quakenbruck
• The part of the department of the Weser (previously belonging to the Kingdom of Westphalia ), which was left of the Weser river and north of St. John Bach, the Aa and the black creek. The remaining southern part of the kingdom was annexed most of the Department of Fulda. This affected the following districts of Westphalia: District Osnabrück mostly: the district remained and around Canton Versmold (formerly District Bielefeld ) and the cantons Tecklenburg (formerly bergischer district Lingen ) increased. In return its former northern cantons Quakenbruck and Ankum the Canton Quakenbruck, and the Canton Fuerstenau were transferred to the Canton Lingen.
• District of Minden mostly: The district remained (in whole or in part) minus the cantons Haddenhausen, local mountains, Hille, Oldendorf, Reineberg, Windsheim. The district was in return for the Canton of Werther, frets, Enger (all formerly Canton Bielefeld), as well as the Canton lamp magnified ( formerly District Rinteln ).
• District Bielefeld, smaller portions: the district remained in the Kingdom of Westphalia. The Canton Werther but was attached to the district of Minden; the Canton Versmold the district of Osnabrück

After Napoleon was finally defeated in 1814, the department was split after a short time of the restoration of the old territories and temporary administrative areas as follows:

• The majority of the department came to the Kingdom of Hanover. These were essentially the district of Osnabrück ( without cantons Versmold, Tecklenburg and Greven, and Lengerich ), the district Lingen ( without cantons Bevergern and Ibbenbüren ), parts of the district Quakenbruck (cantons Diepholz, VOERDE, Ankum ) and a small part of the district Minden (Canton lamp ).
• Another part fell to the restored and the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg raised. These areas were mainly attributable to the district Quakenbruck (without cantons Diepholz, VOERDE, Ankum ).
• The later or former Prussian areas - ie the district of Minden ( Canton without lamp ) and the southern part of the district of Osnabrück (cantons Versmold, Tecklenburg and Ostbervern, and Lengerich ) and the southern part of the district of Kreuzlingen (cantons Bevergern and Ibbenbüren ) - were initially part the Prussian Zivilgouvernements between the Weser and the Rhine and later became part of the province of Westphalia. The tecklenburgische part formed the north-eastern part of the district of Münster (Kreis Tecklenburg ). The former minden - ravens bergische part was the northern part of the district of Minden (parts of circles frets, Minden and Hall and complete Rahden )

Prefects

• Charles of Keverberg

Structure

The Department was established about 1811 into the following arrondissements (referred to in German as a district or sub-prefecture ) and divided associated cantons: