Enolase 2

  • CAS Number: 9014-08-8

The neuron-specific enolase (NSE, ENOG ), English:. Neuro- specific enolase is an enzyme ( biocatalyst ) of glucose metabolism. It comes in different isoforms in the nerve cells (neurons) of the brain and peripheral nervous tissue as well as in neuroendocrine tissues, especially in the so-called APUD cells before.

Elevated serum levels of NSE are the result of cardiovascular events, cerebral trauma, brain tumor, and Creutzfeldt- Jakob disease. The upper limit value in the serum of an adult is indicated by different laboratories, using 10, 12, and 18.5 g / L in different ways.

NSE belongs to one of three groups of enzymes, which are collectively referred to as enolases, catalyze all have the same reaction and are present in all organisms that utilize glucose. While α - enolases are tissue- nonspecific, β - enolases are localized only in muscle cells and γ - enolases only in nervous tissue. In fact it is in each case a homo-or heterodimer of the three possible sub-units ( α, β, γ ) which are combined together. Of these five combinations are actually found: α / α tissue non-specific in embryos and in adults; α / β and β / β in striped muscle; and α / γ and γ / γ in neurons. During ontogeny, the heterodimers are synthesized preferred.

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Catalyzed reaction

2 -phosphoglycerate splits off a water molecule; it arises phosphoenolpyruvate ( PEP). Because of the resulting double bond the phosphate group of PEP is unstable bound and is easily transferred to ADP to form ATP; from the PEP produced pyruvic acid or pyruvate.

Assessment

NSE for benign disease

Elevated levels of NSE in serum are found in

- Benign lung diseases

- Disorders of the brain or nerve cells.

- Pregnancies with neural tube defects in children

NSE in malignant diseases

NSE is a marker for very different tumors. NSE in NSCLC is regarded as the central tumor markers correlate with the extent of the disease, but not with the location and nature of the metastasis. Under successful chemotherapy it comes to lowering of the initially elevated NSE values. NSE increases also can be found in neuroblastoma, neuroendocrine tumors, in the seminoma (testicular tumor), also with lower sensitivity in renal carcinoma and other tumors. NSE is not suitable for tumor screening and not for diagnosis, but rather to control a course or treatment.

Disorders

NSE is in higher concentration in erythrocytes (red blood cells ) and thrombocytes ( platelets) contain. Therefore, elevated NSE values ​​are found in the serum when it came to the destruction of red blood cells (eg, hemolysis) or platelets (eg unwanted clotting in test tubes or in case of improper centrifugation).

Inhibitors

The enolase is inhibited by fluoride. This is used at from blood samples, if one wants to determine the glucose levels. By the inhibited enzyme glycolysis can not proceed in the test tube, so that a glucose degradation does not occur.

Protein isoform Human Genome Organisation CAS registry number Lyase Tissue (biology) Pyruvate kinase 2-Phosphoglyceric acid Adenosine diphosphate Adenosine triphosphate Multiple sclerosis Tumormarker
309273
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