Ethyl acetate
- Ethyl acetate
- Ethylethanoat (IUPAC)
- Ethansäureethylester
- Ethyl acetate
- ESTP
- Ethyl acetate
Colorless liquid with a " fruity " odor
Liquid
0.894 g · cm -3 ( 25 ° C)
-83 ° C
77 ° C.
98 hPa ( 20 ° C)
Moderately in water ( 86 g · l-1 at 20 ° C)
1,372
Risk
1500 mg · m-3
5620 mg · kg -1 ( LD50, rat, oral)
Template: Infobox chemical / molecular formula search available
Ethyl acetate, and ethyl acetate or ethyl acetate, is a chemical compound selected from the group of carboxylic acid esters. It is the ester of acetic acid and ethanol. The colorless liquid is a characteristic " by glue" smelling solvent which is used in the chemical industry and laboratories often.
Production
A large-scale production process of the chemical industry is based on the acid-catalyzed esterification of ethanol with acetic acid:
This equilibrium reaction is shifted to the Le Chatelier's principle ( law of mass action ) by continuous removal of the water formed or continuously withdrawing the ester to the product side.
Acetaldehyde is sufficiently available, ethyl acetate can be produced with aluminum alkoxide as the catalyst by Claisen Tiščenko from this precursor:
Properties
Physical Properties
Ethyl acetate under atmospheric conditions as a colorless, low and flammable liquid. The melting point is -83 ° C, with an enthalpy of fusion is achieved of 10.48 kJ · mol -1. At atmospheric pressure, the compound boils at 77 ° C. The heat of vaporization at boiling point of 31.94 kJ · mol -1. The vapor pressure function is given by Antoine corresponding log10 (P) = A- ( B / ( T C )) ( P in bar, T in K) with A = 4.22809, B = 1245.702 and C = -55 189 in the temperature range from 289 K to 349 K. the temperature dependence of the enthalpy of vaporization can be determined according to equation ΔVH0 = A exp ( - βTr ) (1- Tr) β ( ΔVH0 in kJ / mol, Tr = (T / Tc) reduced temperature ) with A = 54.26 kJ / mol, β = 0.2982 and Tc = 523.2 K describe the temperature range between 298 K and 363 K.
Temperature dependence of the heat of evaporation of ethyl acetate
Add 100 ml of water approximately 8 ml of ethyl acetate dissolve at 20 ° C The compound forms with water and many organic solvents, azeotropic mixtures. The azeotrope with water containing 8.43% water at normal pressure and boils at 70.38 ° C. The azeotrope and the Azeotropsiedepunkt is pressure dependent. With decreasing pressure, the water content decreases in the azeotropic mixture, and its boiling point.
Where 1 Torr ≈ corresponds to 133,322 Pa and 760 Torr is approximately the atmospheric pressure at sea level.
The azeotropic compositions and boiling points with other organic solvents can be found in the following table. No azeotropes are formed with toluene, benzene, n-propanol, n-butanol, iso- butanol, sec- butanol, acetone, 1,4-dioxane, methyl acetate and isopropyl acetate.
Safety characteristics
Ethyl acetate forms flammable vapor - air mixtures. The compound has a flash point of -4 ° C. The explosion range is between 2 % by volume (73 g/m3) as the lower explosive limit ( LEL) and 12.8 % by volume (470 g/m3 ) and upper explosive limit (UEL ). A correlation of the explosion limits of the vapor pressure of function results in a lower explosion point of -8 ° C and an upper explosion point of 25 ° C. The explosion limits are pressure dependent. A decrease in the pressure leads to a reduction of the explosion range. The lower explosive limit changes up to a pressure of 100 mbar little and increases only at pressures less than 100 mbar. The upper explosive limit reduced analogously with decreasing pressure.
The limiting oxygen concentration at 20 ° C at 9.8 vol%. The maximum explosion pressure is 9.5 bar. The marginal gap width was determined to be 0.95 mm (50 ° C). The result is thus a mapping in the explosion group IIA. With a minimum ignition energy of 0.46 mJ vapor - air mixtures are extremely flammable. The ignition temperature is 470 ° C. The fabric falls within the temperature class T1. The electrical conductivity is with < 1.10 -7 S · m -1 in the central region for liquids.
According to the Dangerous Goods Regulations is ethyl acetate Class 3 ( Flammable liquids ) with the Packing Group II (medium hazard ) associated with ( Label: 3 ).
Use
Ethyl acetate is a versatile solvent. Ethyl acetate is used for extraction of antibiotics and to flavor soft drinks, sweets and pharmaceuticals. Add rum and some other spirits, it is naturally present in small amounts. In wine there is present in small amounts, especially if the grapes were damaged by hail or rot; it then causes a midrange solution in the wine.
In adhesives, it is one of the most common solvents used. In high concentrations, it is a narcotic, which is used by so-called " sniffers " to intoxicate themselves.
Due to its strong solvent power is ethyl acetate as a component of nail polish removers use.
In entomology, it is the killing agent most commonly used in the preparation of insects.