Euonymus

Usually called spindle bush, or European spindle tree ( Euonymus europaeus).

The spindle bushes ( Euonymus ) are a genus of the family of the spindle tree family ( Celastraceae ).

  • 6.1 Notes and references

Description

Vegetative characteristics

Euonymus species are woody plants: Shrubs or small trees, some species are creeping up climbing. They are evergreen or deciduous. The plant parts are usually glabrous, rarely are they hairy fluffy. The opposite or rarely opposite or whorled arranged leaves are simple. The leaf margin is smooth, sawn or sinuate. Stipules are present.

Generative features

The flowers are arranged in mostly axillary, zymösen inflorescences. The hermaphrodite flowers are four to fünfzählig. The four or five petals are bright yellow to dark purple. The fleshy Diskus is ring-shaped, four - or five-lobed. It is a circle, the inner, four or five stamens present. The four to five carpels are fused to an ovary with usually two (rarely up to twelve) upright to hanging ovules per ovary chamber.

The spherical four to fünffächerigen capsule fruits are three-to fünfgelappt, ribbed or winged sides. The lokulizidallen capsule fruits often contain two ( one to several ) seeds. The ellipsoidal seeds are generally of a red or orange colored, fleshy seed coat, the aril, enveloped formed in some species only to the seed base.

Dissemination

The distribution areas ( areas ) of the species are in the Himalayas, the Indian subcontinent, China ( 90 species, 50 of which only there), Japan, Malaysia, Europe, Madagascar and North America.

In Central Europe the genus is represented by three species, the ordinary spindle tree (syn.: Ordinary euonymus, Euonymus europaeus), a common Strauchart with wide, area-wide dissemination, the broadleaf euonymus ( Syn: Broad-leaved Euonymus, prealp euonymus, Euonymus latifolius ) in the Alps and the Alpine foothills and the warty euonymus ( Euonymus verrucosus ) with ( south-) eastern ( Pannonian ) distribution area ( Austria, the Czech Republic, etc.).

System

This genus was first published in 1753 under the name Euonymus by Carolus Linnaeus in Species Plantarum, 1, p 197. Euonymus europaeus type species is L.; Synonyms for Euonymus L. are: Genitia Nakai, Kalonymus J.Prokhanov, Masakia Nakai, Melanocarya Turcz, Pragmatropa Pierre, Pierre Pragmotessara, Sphaerodiscus Nakai, Nakai Turibana. .

In the genus of shrubs spindle ( Euonymus ), there are about 130-176 species ( selection) into two sub- genres:

  • Euonymus acanthocarpus Franch.
  • Winged Euonymus or wing - spindle tree (Euonymus alatus ( Thunb. ) sieve. )
  • American Euonymus, also called strawberry euonymus ( Euonymus americanus L.)
  • Euonymus aptera rule
  • Euonymus atropurpureus Jacq.
  • Euonymus bungeanus Maxim.
  • Euonymus carnosus Hemsl.
  • Euonymus chinensis Lindl.
  • Euonymus cornutus Hemsley
  • Euonymus echinatus Wall.
  • Common spindle tree or European spindle tree (Euonymus europaeus L.)
  • Euonymus fimbriatus Wall.
  • Climbing euonymus or creeping euonymus ( Euonymus fortunei ( Turcz. ) hand. Mazz. )
  • Euonymus frigidus Wallich in Roxb.
  • Euonymus giraldii Loes.
  • Euonymus glaber Roxb.
  • Euonymus grandiflorus Wall.
  • Euonymus hamiltonianus Wall.
  • Japanese spindle tree (Euonymus japonicus Thunb. )
  • Euonymus kiautschovicus Loes. ( Syn: Euonymus patens Rehder )
  • Euonymus lanceolatus Yatabe
  • Broad-leaved euonymus or pre-Alpine spindle tree (Euonymus latifolius ( L.) Mill )
  • Euonymus laxiflorus Champ. ex Benth.
  • Euonymus lucidus D.Don
  • Euonymus macropterus Rupr.
  • Euonymus Matsudai Hayata
  • Euonymus melananthus Franch. & Sav.
  • Euonymus microcarpus ( Oliver ex Loesener ) Sprague
  • Euonymus myrianthus Hemsley
  • Euonymus nanoides Loesener & Rehder ( Syn: Euonymus oresbius WWSm. )
  • Euonymus nanus Bieb.
  • Euonymus obovatus Nutt.
  • Western spindle tree (Euonymus occidentalis Nutt. Ex Torr. )
  • Euonymus oxyphyllus Miq.
  • Euonymus pallidifolius Hayata
  • Euonymus parasimilis C.Y.Cheng ex J.S.Ma
  • Euonymus pauciflorus Maxim.
  • Euonymus pendulus Wall.
  • Korkwütiger spindle tree (Euonymus phellomanus Loes. Ex Diels )
  • Euonymus planipes ( Koehne ) Koehne
  • Euonymus sachalinensis ( F.Schmidt ) Maxim.
  • Blood spindle tree (Euonymus sanguineus Loes, Syn. Euonymus monbeigii WWSm. )
  • Euonymus semenovii Regel & Herder
  • Euonymus spraguei Hayata
  • Euonymus tingens Wall.
  • Euonymus trichocarpus Hayata
  • Euonymus velutinus fish. & C.A.Mey.
  • Euonymus verrucosoides Loes.
  • Warts - spindle tree (Euonymus verrucosus Scop. )
  • Euonymus wilsonii Sprague

Use

Some types of varieties are used as ornamental plants. Each native species are planted in the country of origin in wild hedges.

Pictures

  • Japanese spindle tree (Euonymus japonicus ):

Inflorescences

  • Winged Euonymus or wing - spindle tree (Euonymus alatus ):

Habit and autumn leaves

Cork formation on the branches.

  • Great Flowery spindle tree (Euonymus grandiflorus ):

Fruit and autumn leaves

Yellow Colorful Japanese spindle tree in spring

Swell

  • Jin- shuang Ma & Funston Michele: Euonymus in the Flora of China, Volume 11, p 440: Online.
  • Entry in the Flora of Pakistan. (English )
Rosids Ovary (botany) Agricultural Research Service
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