Eurotiales
The Eurotiales are an order of Ascomycota. They include the famous molds Penicillium and Aspergillus.
Features
The asci are spherical, the ascospores are lens-shaped and often have two equatorial rings. The fruiting bodies are often greatly reduced, ranging from peridia, Cleistothecia to non - kleistothecischem stroma. A highly reduced form is Byssochlamys, the asci are formed here on a loose hyphal network, which is sometimes referred to as Protothecium. The largest fruiting body of Eurotiomycetes forms the deer truffle ( Elaphomyces ), the subterranean, truffle -like fruiting bodies of about three centimeters in diameter forms.
Many of anamorphs are phialidic. Examples are the known genera Penicillium and Aspergillus.
Way of life
Most species live as Saprobionten. They represent one of the catabolic and anabolic most diverse microorganisms selcetion There are species that survive on very little water ( xerotolerant ), at low ( psychrotolerant ) and high ( thermotolerant ) temperatures grow. They produce a variety of secondary metabolites such as aflatoxins, ochratoxin and patulin.
System
Outer systematics
The Eurotiales were previously performed together with the Onygenales as Plectomycetes. Today, both trims are placed in the subclass Eurotiomycetidae. You are a monophyletic taxon is. The cladogram of the class looks like this:
Onygenales
Eurotiales
Coryneliales
Inside systematics
Eriksson performs the following families and genera on:
- Deer truffle Related ( Elaphomycetaceae ) Deer truffle ( Elaphomyces )
- Pseudotulostoma
- Monascus
- Xeromyces
- Byssochlamys
- Chaetosartorya
- Chaetotheca
- Chromocleista
- Cristaspora
- Dactylomyces
- Dendrosphaera
- Dichlaena
- Dichotomomyces
- Edyuillia
- Emericella
- Erythrogymnotheca
- Eupenicillium
- Eurotium
- Fennellia
- Hemicarpenteles
- Neocarpenteles
- Neopetromyces
- Neosartorya
- Penicilliopsis
- Petromyces
- Sagenoma
- Talaromyces
- Thermoascus
- Trichocoma
- Warcupiella
Importance
The lifestyle and secondary metabolites produced to make many kinds Lebensmittelverderbern called molds. Some species also produce important drugs, particularly antibiotics ( penicillin ), but also cholesterol-lowering agents ( lovastatin ). The high growth rates are used for the production of enzymes and complex biomolecules.