Evocation

Under an incantation refers to both a pleading or even vehemently put forward request to a fellow human being or in a supreme being and the summoning of Dienstbarmachung of supernatural beings. In most cases, the invocation is performed by remembering a promise or an oath. In Grimoires mantras are recorded in writing.

Mainly considered as the incantation Call or spiritual creation of spirits, mythical creatures, supernatural creatures or certain events. Widely used the summoning of a deceased person is in a séance using a medium, a sunken in a trance person who is alleged to have good contacts with the realm of spirits. With the end of the 19th century rise of spiritualism here did most out charlatans and scammers. The famous magician Harry Houdini made ​​to the fight against fraudulent necromancer life's work. Alfred Hitchcock used the motif of deception by a purported medium in his film family grave.

Nevertheless, find and there were summoning rites more or less pronounced in every culture and religion. In most original religions, which are characterized shamanistic or animistic, summoning supernatural spirit beings plays a role, but also magically aligned religions such as Bon, partially Daoism or voodoo.

According to popular belief it was believed with paraphernalia, dances and gestures and spoken incantations summon demons and they can make themselves available. It sometimes comes to so-called victims in the form of animals, blood or the burning of food and objects.

In Islam there is, for example, the jinn, which you can summon or distribute. In Christianity, prayers serve to summon divine assistance. But incantations personalized disease demons were formerly widely used since the monk medicine.

Occultism

Incantation, evocation (Latin evocatio = calling-out ) or a practice of occultism refers to a magical practice in which a spirit to be summoned.

In the traditional magic it involves a cultic and ritual act of ritual magic. The summoning of spirits is a belief: For of modern scientific perspective, these spirit beings are non-existent and have at best a psychological relevance.

The term evocation is attested in the religious literature of late antiquity, such as Livy, Pliny the Elder ( Naturalis Historia 24.160 ), Macrobius, etc.

The evocation was originally supposed to pull in armed conflicts, the gods of the enemies in the Roman series and consisted of a formula ( spoken by the priest), sacrifice and curse ( Devotion ), as well as the sacrifice of a black sheep. Even in peacetime, the evocation of the life of the Roman Empire had their place.

In the practice of western occult evocation of the performer of the ritual is in a previously drawn " circle of protection ". To summon the imaginary spirit should be encouraged to manifest in a circuit external to the " magic triangle ". For that purpose, traditional " magic seal " or sigils, the name of the spirit being, and magical correspondences, ie Used mappings of symbol systems.

In contrast to the invocation, in which the practitioner pursues the idea to make an association with a called spirit, is the intention of evocation to bring the essence of his imaginary sphere in which the human visible world. The alleged spirits that are conjured many ways, eg Elemental beings, gods, planets, beings, angels or demons.

This magical practice is to serve completely different purposes of the performers. The users believe that it could be used to make spirits subservient to gain their protection, to enter into a pact (such as in Goethe's Faust. A tragedy. ) Or to get to the knowledge of the corresponding system. Similar ideas play a role in the summoning rituals of different religions.

Known representatives of Evokationsvorstellungen you count among other Agrippa, Aleister Crowley, Franz Bardon, Israel Regardie, Kenneth Grant and Peter Carroll.

Summoning demons of disease in the Middle Ages

In the monastic medicine of the Middle Ages also personalized illnesses were in addition to the religious blessing in which God was asked for help, called as demons and summoned. For example: The Worm Summon "gang uz nesso " since the 10th century, the evocation of the wandering uterus toad "I conjure thee, white-black -green-yellow - matrix, devilish, unchaste, as you also seist " also since 10 century, the evocation of the plague "I implore you, gland and tumor" and the expulsion of the Elves and Alpgeister in the so-called Munich night blessing of the 14th century.

These ancient texts are almost always registered in the codices on the side of practical medical interventions ( ointments, herbal, surgery ) and served as suggestive adjunctive therapy for physicians, as an early form of Christian- archaic " psychotherapy ", from their texts, to in the modern era, a wealth that have become popular healing spells derived.

Incantations in the literature

The theme Summon is treated in many horror stories. Also countless screenplays of horror movies use the topos.