Eysteinn Erlendsson
Øystein Erlendsson ( Norrøn: Eystein Erlendsson, Latin: Augustine Nidrosiensis; * 1120, † January 26, 1188 ) was Archbishop of Nidaros from 1157 to his death 1188th
Of all the 27 bishops, presided over the Nidaros from 1153 to 1537, was the most striking Øystein and the only one who was venerated as a saint after his death. Erlendsson came from a wealthy family trønderschen. His great-grandfather had been the Icelander Ulf Uspaksson, a good friend Harald Hardrådes. He had received the Queen's sister Tora to woman. Therefore, Øystein could count as to the relationship of the king. Eysteins father Erlend Himalde was second cousin of King Magnus barfot, and Øystein itself was third cousin of Sigurd and Inge Jorsalfari Krogryggs father Harald Gille, who played an important role at the beginning of the Norwegian civil war. He grew up in all probability Børsa.
Bishop Simon instructed Øystein in the 1140s in Nidaros. Then he went to England, probably after Lincoln, and Paris from Augustinian Abbey of St. Victor. According to the pamphlet En tale mot biskopene that has been written around 1200, Øystein was first chaplain and treasurer to King Inge Krokrygg.
He was, after Jon Birgisson had died in 1158 of King Inge, without this would anyone leave a say ( so it will be at least in the pamphlet En tale mot biskopene described ) (Lit.: Storm ), was elected second Archbishop of Nidaros. He moved to Rome to fetch the pallium Archbishop for his dignity. During his journey, Pope Adrian IV died on September 1, 1159th On September 7, 1159, his successor, Alexander III was. selected. However, Emperor Barbarossa put the antipope Victor IV a. Øystein decided to Alexander and was informed of this in the late fall of 1160 the pallium.
Immediately after he returned from the trip from Rome, continued the construction of the Archbishop's court in transition. He also promoted the construction of Nidarosdomes, which still today bears witness to an inscription in St. John's Chapel in the south transept of the cathedral.
In the year 1164, probably on 11 August, he crowned Magnus Erlingsson, the 8- year-old son Erling Skakkes, in Bergen. It was the first coronation of a king in Scandinavia. The electoral capitulation, which was written by Øystein, regulated the relationship between church and state. He and the also present at the coronation papal legate took the opportunity to weave an oath of allegiance to the Pope in the coronation oath. Of particular importance for the development of the idea of the state was the statement that King Magnus wanted to perform his duties as a vassal of King Olav the Holy and as his deputy.
Øystein also renewed a now lost church law book, " Gullfjær ", which was a revision of the old Christian Right. There are still 12 decretals of Pope Alexander III. known to about 35 questions of the archbishop. In the 1930s London was found in the canons Nidrosienses, also a church law book from his time, safely behind the Archbishop stood. He is also considered the main founder of the Olavstradition with Scripture Passio et Miracula Beati Olavi. The book was written 1160-1180, ie half a century before Snorri Olav's saga. Øystein was very worried about peace in the country, worked against the blood revenge and against the violence and took care of in the tradition of Gregorian reform to the strengthening of celibacy, but also to the works of mercy. He founded Nidaros in the first hospice for the sick. He also founded at least two Augustinian Canons pins, one in Kong Bright and the forts monastery at the Göta Elv, where he had worked as a young priest. The monastery should be visitiert from Æbelholt Monastery in Denmark, whose Abbot William was his personal friend. The monastery was founded in 1161-1168, but not later than 1190. Øystein also participated in the founding of the Elgeseter Monastery in Nidaros about 1170-78. He certainly was involved in the founding of the Augustinian monastery on Halsnøy by Erling Skakke, and the same might be said of the Premonstratensian monastery ( Olav's Monastery ) in Tønsberg. The founding of the first Cistercian monastery in Trøndelag, Munkeby at Levanger is expected to fall on him.
Øystein also had her own troupe and many ships. After Sverre's saga he had more than 100 fully armed men under his command. He had not only the assets of the Episcopal chair, but also a rich heritage which own assets.
After Sverre Sigurdsson 1177 had placed at the top of the Birkebeiner and 1179 defeated Skakke Erling and Magnus Erlingsson was then fled to Denmark, also Øystein had to leave the country. Between 1180 and 1183 he stayed in exile in England. Even before the death of Magnus ' ( 1184 ) it came to the Sverres saga on the agreement between Øystein and King Sverre. But there are mounted doubt because Øystein the most warlike enemies of the king, the Augustinian Eirik Ivarsson from Stavanger nominated successor, who was elected against the resistance of King Sverre in 1188 as archbishop.
After his death Erlendsson was revered as a saint. Already in 1229 he was canonized by the provincial council in Nidaros, but never canonized by Rome. Rome continued one after the 5 commissions to prepare for the canonization, but never came to a final conclusion. An altar in the cathedral seems to him to have been consecrated, and his reliquary of silver was confiscated and melted down during the Reformation in 1540 for the settlement of the Danish debt. He is said to have yielded 12 kg of silver. Nevertheless, he seems to have attained any particular position in popular piety in the shadow of St. Olav. According to a document of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments on 10 February 2001 lays down his holiday, January 26, but will be officially celebrated in the Prelature of Trondheim. The decree of 30 September 2002 this congregation that day was declared a " hard " and the diocese of Oslo and the Prelature of Tromsø permitted the celebration of this day.
Two Catholic churches are dedicated to him. St. Eystein in Bodø and St. Eystein in Kristiansund.