Fahd of Saudi Arabia
Fahd ibn Abd al - Aziz (Arabic فهد بن عبد العزيز آل سعود, DMG Fahd ibn ʿ Abd al - ʿ Aziz Al Sa ʿ ūd; * 1921 or 1923 in Riyadh, † 1 August 2005, ibid ) was from 1982 until his death King of Saudi Arabia.
Early years
Fahd was born the eleventh son of Abd al - Aziz ibn Saud and his sixth wife Hasa bint Sudairi ( حصة بنت احمد السديري ). He thus belonged to the so-called Sudairi Seven, the seven sons who had fathered with his wife Hasa bint Sudairi the nation's founder.
Fahd was brought up under the care of his royal father. In his youth attended the Prince Fahd school in Riyadh. After Fahd was formed on "Religious scientific institute in Mecca" on.
In 1932 the then eleven year old Fahd as his father officially founded the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia by the Treaty of Jeddah experienced.
In 1945 Fahd traveled for the first time to New York to attend the opening ceremony of the United Nations. On this trip he assisted his brother Faisal, the Foreign Minister of Saudi Arabia was at that time.
1953 Fahd was appointed Education Minister by his father. In the same year he completed his first official state visit with Queen Elizabeth II on behalf of the royal family.
In 1959 Fahd then led the Saudi delegation to the Arab League. This task marked his rise in the Saudi royal family to the outside world. On October 13, 1962 he was Minister of the Interior, 1967, he took over the important position of Second Deputy Prime Minister.
On March 25, 1975 King Faisal was assassinated by his nephew Faisal ibn Musa'id. Faisal was succeeded by Khalid ibn Abd al - Aziz. Fahd became the Crown Prince and First Deputy Prime Minister. Especially in the last years of King Khalid's reign, Fahd was viewed as the de facto prime minister.
Family
Fahd was married five times in his life. From these marriages nine sons and five daughters have emerged.
His first wife was Princess Al- Bint Abdul Aziz Bin Anud Musaid Al- Jiluwi Al -Saud (1928-1999), the marriage took place about the year 1945. She lived since 1996 for the treatment of a cancerous condition in Los Angeles, where she died on March 8, 1999. The marriage was not divorced, they lasted until the death of Princess Al- Anud to. Sons: Prince Faisal, Prince Khalid ( b. 1947 ), Prince Saud ( born October 8, 1950), Prince Sultan ( b. 1951 ) and Prince Abdul Rahman. Daughters: Princess Al- Anud, Princess Al- Jawhara, Princess Nura and Princess Latifa.
Fahd's second wife was Princess Jawza Bint Abdullah Bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud (* 1930) and lives in the U.S. state of Arizona. The marriage ended in divorce. Sons: Prince Mohammed ( b. 1948 ) and Prince Turki. Daughter: Princess Lulua.
Fahd's third wife was the Egyptian Safinaz Only. The marriage but was divorced a short time later.
Fahd's fourth wife called Princess Al Jawhara Bint Ibrahim Al - Ibrhaim ( b. 1945 ), the marriage took place in 1970. Princess Jawhara is very active in the Women's Policy of the Kingdom. With her Fahd had a son: Prince Abdul Aziz.
Fahd's fifth wife was called Janan Harb Bint. The marriage took place in March 1968, but stopped again due to the pressure of Fahd's brothers in 1970. She is a Palestinian who lives in the UK. The marriage was silent a long time and has become known only after Fahd's death.
Regency
Fahd was appointed on 13 June 1982 king. As king, he continued efforts to diversify the Saudi economy to reduce its dependence on oil production and world market prices for oil. The economic problems grew despite the oil wealth. In addition, since the 1980s increased with the decline in oil prices, the budget deficit of the country. Inflation could not be successfully combated.
To a serious crisis occurred in 1990/91, when Iraq occupied Kuwait, the Emirate and Saudi Arabia the protection of an international coalition led by the U.S. had to take claim to defend the borders and liberate Kuwait. However, the deployment of U.S. troops led to an increasing criticism of Islamic fundamentalists at the Saudi royal family. Since the late 1990s, terrorist attacks against Islamic extremists increase foreign institutions in Saudi Arabia.
Since the terrorist attacks in New York on 11 September 2001, the country stands as a financial supporter of the worldwide Islamic terrorism in the pillory. Since the Islamists also oppose the ruling royal house of Saud, these forces are increased persecution in Saudi Arabia, yet could considerable success in the pursuit and combat can be achieved.
King Fahd Hofbiograph Hussein Abbas wrote that Fahd's government 's goal was " democratic opening " of his country. However, a democratization of the country came for Fahd not be considered, because "the people of this region in the world are not good for democratic understanding of the western states of the world."
While maintaining the basic structures of feudal pursued King Fahd domestically a progressive pragmatic pro-Western course, especially for economic modernization. Fahd was primarily as an economic expert.
Disease
After Fahd suffered a stroke on 29 November 1995, led by his brother, Crown Prince Abdullah, the de facto official business of the king. Abdullah has already confirmed in 1992 Fahd's full brother Sultan ibn Abd al - Aziz as number two to the throne.
Fahd died on 1 August 2005 from the effects of lung disease for which he was admitted on 27 May 2005 a hospital.