Feddea

Feddea cubensis is the only species of one genus of the tribe Feddea Feddeeae within the sunflower family ( Asteraceae). This endangered species is endemic in eastern Cuba.

• 4.1 Notes and references

Description

Appearance and foliage leaf

In Feddea cubensis is a woody plant that grows as self upright or ascending or velcro shrub up to Liane, with plant height to 4 meters can be achieved. It has a soft wood. The moderately branched and with a diameter of up to 5 mm, almost terete stem axis have a striped, bare bark that is reddish often at the top. The shoot axes are mild to striking up to 25 ° angled zigzag to the top Nodien (nodes) and the lower nodes present are somewhat swollen. Internodes have a length of 0.7 to 2.5 cm.

The alternate arranged leaves are evenly distributed on the upper half of the stem axis and fall off at the bottom. The bald, often reddish petiole has a length of 0.4 to 1 cm and a diameter of 1 to 1.5 mm and is kneeling and something rinnig. The simple, thick - papery to slightly leathery leaf blade is elliptic to oval, with a length of (1.5 to ) usually 3.5 to 11 cm and a width of ( 0.8 ) is usually 1.3 to 4.2 cm or obovate, gradually narrower towards the bottom with a wedge- shaped Spreitenbasis which is sometimes somewhat asymmetrical and with an acute to obtuse upper end. The sometimes reddish and slightly recurved leaf margin is almost smooth to remove perforated with one to four teeth on each side that are less than 0.5 mm deep. The leaf surfaces are bare. It is Fiedernervatur prior five to ten side nerves on either side of the central rib, which are at an angle of about 75 °. The lateral nerves of third and fourth order form a clearly visible Netznervatur. The median nerve is on the underside of leaves slightly prominent, the lateral veins are less prominent.

Inflorescence and flower

In an open, loose, 1.5 to 3 cm long and 3.5 to 5.5 cm wide total inflorescence does not protrude very over the top leaves, there are five to ten capitula -shaped inflorescences together. The bare, thin, 2-11 mm long, reddish or greenish Blütenstandsschäfte have one or two sitting high leaves that are triangular to linear- lanceolate wrong with a length of 1 to 2 mm. The flower basket shell ( involucre ) is cylindrical with a length of 9 to 11.5 mm and a diameter of 5 to 7 mm. In five to seven rows are 19 to 24 stiff, trockenhäutige as well as in the upper area at the edge and at their tips greenish-brown bracts. They are entire, and often ciliated short, bald with a longitudinal- resin channel that is only green, but the black is dry. The bracts are initially fitting but to fruit maturity, they are almost or completely returned bends. The outer bracts are at a length of 1 to 2.5 mm and a width of 1 to 2 mm delta -shaped to triangular- ovate with a broad, pointed to blunt upper end. The outer go to the inner bracts over stepped. The inner bracts are at a length of 8 to 10 mm and a width of 1.3 to 2.0 mm oblanceolate with a pointed top. The weakly convex cup base has a diameter of 1.0 to 1.5 mm. There are no chaff leaves present. The one with a length of 12 to 15 mm relatively large flower head contains only nine to twelve flowers.

The hermaphroditic disc florets are fertile. The white to off-white, 8.5 to 9.5 mm long, bare petals are fused tube amps to narrow funnel-shaped. Five annoying, 0.7 to 1.3 mm long corolla tube has a length of 4 to 5 mm and a diameter of about 0.4 mm; she is dilated at its base to 0.8 to 1 mm and the throat is very little dilated. The five Kronlappen are at a length of 3.5 to 4.0mm linear- lanceolate, slightly spread to the upper end slightly curved and have two nerves on edge. The 1.5 to 1.8 mm long stamens have a well-developed stamens collar. The five contiguous anthers are broad - linear, with a length from 3.7 to 4 mm, initially tan cream and after anthesis and have weakly keeled, about 1 mm long and about 0.5 mm wide, obtuse to rounded at its upper end appendage. At their base they have, at a length of 1.2 to 1.5 mm wide - rulers, sterile, straight tails, which are not narrowing at their peak. The tricolporaten pollen grains are spherical with spiny surface with a diameter of 30 microns. The two, at a length of 2.2 to 2.8 mm wide - lineal, yellowish branches have a blunt stylus to broad -pointed top and two bands of scar tissue on their upper side.

Fruit

The sometimes slightly four - or five -edged achenes are 3.5 mm long, brown, smooth and have 10 to 15 strips. The pappus consists of a series of 75 with a length of 9 mm straightedge, straw-colored, rough bristles. The straw-colored " Carpo platform " at the base of achenes consists of several layers of cells and has a height of approximately 0.5 mm.

Occurrence and risk

Feddea cubensis is endemic in the eastern part of the island of Cuba. This nickelakkumulierende kind thrives on heavy metal containing soils on ultramafic rocks originally present as serpentinite today. In the provinces of Holguín and Guantánamo, there are areas with these soils and there you will find some locations this kind Feddea cubensis grows on moist soils and along streams. It occurs in the following vegetation types: gallery forest, semi-arid serpentine scrub forest, Pinus cubensis serpentine forest and semiarid serpentine mountain forest.

Feddea cubensis is classified depending on the author as a sort of early warning ( " Near Threatened " ) to be threatened with extinction ( " Critically Endangered "). The latter rating is because this group of researchers has found only five copies at the site " Charrascales de La Cuaba " in the province of Guantánamo and was able to demonstrate at two other known locations no more copy. Accordingly, there are extensive research needed to determine the number of surviving on wild locations specimens.

System

The first description of the genus Feddea was made in 1925 by Ignaz Urban ( 1848-1931 ) with the type species Feddea cubensis in Sertum antillanum XXII in Friedrich Fedde (ed.) Repertory specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis, Zentralblatt for collection and publication of individual diagnoses of new plants, Berlin, Volume 21, pp. 74-75, Figure 15 As the Lectotypusmaterial deposited in New York voucher specimen has been Ekman 4285, January 17, 1915, "Cuba. Oriente: Baracoa in Lomas de Cuaba in pinetis specified ". This voucher specimen was therefore collected by the Swedish botanist Erik Leonard Ekman in the eastern Cuban municipality of Baracoa. From this Erstaufsammlung total of three documents were filed: one is located in Stockholm, one in New York and in Berlin deposited specimen is destroyed. The botanical genus name Feddea honors the botanist Friedrich Karl Georg Fedde (1873-1942) and the specific epithet cubensis refers to the homeland of Cuba.

Since its first description in 1925, the classification of these species / genus in the system of Astereaceae is controversial. Clear what is actually only that it belongs to the subfamily of herbaceous. The investigations within this subfamily revealed for Feddea either an unresolved position within the herbaceous or the tribe Inuleae. For field work between 2003 and 2005 in Cuba also new material from Feddea cubensis could be collected. Molecular genetic studies ( DNA sequence analysis of chloroplast ndhF ) and the study of pollen surface with the electron microscope now allow to display the position of its kind within the herbaceous. Feddea cubensis is therefore the only species of one genus of the tribe Feddea Feddeeae in the subfamily herbaceous within the family Asteraceae. The Tribe Feddeeae Pruski, P.Herrera, Anderb. & Franc. -site. was only in 2008 in Kathleen A. Cariaga, John F. Pruski, Ramona Oviedo, Arne A. Anderberg Carl E. Lewis & Javier Francisco - Ortega: Phylogeny and Systematic Position of Feddea (Asteraceae: Feddeeae ): a Taxonomically Enigmatic and Critically Endangered genus Endemic to Cuba. In: Systematic Botany. Volume 33, Issue 1, pp. 193-202 situated. This tribe is sister group to Heliantheae sl, so the tribes Eupatorieae, Heliantheae and Helenieae; it is the tribe Inuleae not close.

Swell

• Kathleen A. Cariaga, John F. Pruski, Ramona Oviedo, Arne A. Anderberg Carl E. Lewis, Javier Francisco - Ortega: Phylogeny and Systematic Position of Feddea (Asteraceae: Feddeeae ): a Taxonomically Enigmatic and Critically Endangered Genus Endemic to Cuba. In: Systematic Botany. Volume 33, Issue 1, 2008, pp. 193-202. doi: 10.1600/036364408783887348 Full text online.
• Javier Francisco - Ortega, Iralys Ventosa, Ramona Oviedo, Francisco Jiménez, Pedro Herrera, Michael Maunder, Jose L. Panero: Caribbean Iceland Asteraceae: Systematics, Molecules, and Conservation on a Biodiversity Hotspot. In: The Botanical Review. Volume 74, number 1, pp. 112-131, doi: 10.1007/s12229-008-9008-6
• Jose L. Paneroa, Vicki A. Funk: The value of sampling anomalous taxa in phylogenetic studies: Major clades of the Asteraceae revealed. In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. Volume 47, Issue 2, 2008, pp. 757-782.
• Enrique Eugenio Liogier (aka Hermano Alain ): Flora de Cuba. - Rubiales - Valeria Pedernales - Cucurbitales - Campanulales - Asterales, Volume 5, 1964, Asociacion de Estudiantes de Ciencias Biologias Publicación. Compositae: Feddea 306 on S. ( There is also an issue of the Universidad de Puerto Rico of 1962. )
• Roger D. Reeves, Alan JM Baker, Attila L. Borhidi, Rosalina Berazaín Iturralde: Nickel Hyperaccumulation in the Serpentine Flora of Cuba. In: Annals of Botany. 83, 1999, pp. 29-38. Full-text PDF.