Feodor III of Russia

Feodor III. Alekseyevich (Russian:. .. . Фёдор III Алексеевич; * 30 Maijul / June 9 1661greg in Moscow; † 27 Apriljul / May 7 1682greg ibid.) was from 1676 to 1682 Tsar and Grand Prince of Muscovy.

Life

Early years

Feodor III. was the third son of Tsar Alexis I of Russia and his first wife Maria Iljitschna Miloslavskaya. He was raised to the Tsarevich and as such through his older brother Alexei death. A tutor to the Tsarevich was the West Russian monk and poet Simeon Polozki. Besides the numerous topics that must learn a successor, the monk brought the young Fyodor also in Polish, making him the Western way of life was more familiar. He was interested in science, art and music. However, he was sickly as a child, suffered from scurvy and could not walk because of swollen feet constantly.

Fyodor was like his father, a very devout man, who later also wrote some hymns, he also was the first tsar of the west dressed and coiffed. Under his government, the Moscow kingdom Europe began to converge. The convergence process has been driven by his successors on.

Rule

As Fyodor often weakened his childhood due to his illness and spent bedridden, was expected at the Tsar's court a weak governance, as at the age of only 16, he ascended the throne of Russia following the death of his father in 1676. At the beginning of his reign he had to because even some adversaries resist, especially Artamon Sergeyevich Matveyev wanted to bring the new Tsar for his power. He stood near the Naryshkin family and had the intention of the young Peter, the son of Alexis I and his second wife, Natalya Naryshkina to bring to the throne. Fyodor Matveyev had already because of corruption and abuse of power to condemn three weeks after the death of his father in 1676 and banish.

During his reign many reforms were initiated, but most due to its short reign could not be brought to an end of it. The most important reform was the abolition of the rank -order space in the military ( Mestnitschestwo ). Further reforms reinforced the centralization of the state apparatus and urged the influence of the Patriarch back to this had on the affairs of state. At the same time, the reforms had a worsening of the social situation of the lower classes to the sequence that led to the Moscow uprising of 1682 and to take over the reign of Feodor's sister Sophia Alexeyevna.

A hindering factor was that he was almost all the time with the Ottoman Empire in the war, which was built in 1681 ended with the advantageous for Russia Treaty of Bakhchisarai.

Family

1680 he married his first wife, Agafia Gruschetzkaja that earned him the son Ilya (* July 11, 1681; † July 21, 1681 ), Tsarevich of Russia, gave birth to. His second wife he married in October 1681 Marfa Matveyevna Apraxina. This marriage remained childless.