Ferdinand Christian Baur

Ferdinand Christian Baur ( born June 21, 1792 in Schmiden in Fellbach, † December 2, 1860 in Tübingen ) was a Protestant Churches and historian of dogma. He led the historical-critical method in the New Testament research and founded at the University of the younger Tübingen school.

Life and work

During his school years at the high school education began to theologians. From 1809 to 1814 he studied as a member of the "Protestant Pen", Tubingen. In 1817 he was a professor of ancient languages ​​at the Evangelical Theological Seminary Blaubeuren and in 1826 full professor of Protestant theology at the University of Tübingen. After publication of his symbolism and mythology, or the natural religion of antiquity (Stuttgart 1824-25, 3 volumes), he worked in epoch-making, the field of the history of dogma, the Church's dogmatic and biblical criticism.

First, standing on the view of Schleiermacher, he already joined in his writings on the Manichaean religion system (Tübingen 1831) and The Christian Gnosis, or the Christian religion philosophy in its historical development (Tübingen 1835) the Hegelian school. He remained faithful in his philosophical treatment of the history of the church.

His son Ferdinand Baur (1825-1889) was from 1874 Rector of the Tübingen school.

History of dogma and dogmatics

The real highlight of his historical researches formed specifically the history of dogma field, partly in the two comprehensive monographs The Christian doctrine of the atonement in its historical development from the earliest times up to the latest (Tübingen 1838), The Christian Doctrine of the Trinity and Incarnation (Tübingen 1841-43, 3 volumes), partly in his textbook of Christian dogmas history (Stuttgart 1847, 3rd edition 1867) and in his lectures on the Christian history of Economic Thought (Leipzig 1865-67, 3 volumes).

The second area in which Baur was, was the dogma in the ecclesiastical sense; he defended the doctrinal system of the Protestant Church against Johann Adam Mohler symbolism in Scripture The contrast of Catholicism and Protestantism (Tübingen 1833, 2nd edition 1836).

History of Early Christianity

With fondness, he turned to the prehistory of Christianity. He disagreed with the belief that in the apostolic age only peace and unity would have prevailed, and looked for the fight of two mutually opposite directions to prove a Jewish- legal Messiah faith and introduced by Paul principle of law- free world religion. From the confrontation in which both directions were one and a half centuries understood each other, then the Catholic Church had emerged; as monuments of this church -building process were caused our New Testament writings, mostly in the 2nd century. Before the year 70, only four major epistles of Paul and the Book of Revelation had arisen.

In summary, based on the book of Acts and the Pauline letters relating studies in the work of Paul, the Apostle of Jesus Christ (Stuttgart 1845 2nd edition Leipzig 1867), whereas its question the Protestant tradition studies in the critical studies of the canonical Gospels, their relationship to each other, their origin and character (Tübingen 1847), for which, as an addendum Scripture the Gospel of Mark (1851 Tübingen) came to its origin and character.

The Tübingen School

The Baur and his disciples, as Eduard Zeller, Albert Schwegler, Karl Reinhold von Köstlin, Adolf Hilgenfeld, pursued critical direction Theological yearbooks published as the organ from 1842 to 1857 is referred to as the Tübingen school. She broke a new view of early Christianity railway, which was open to challenge on many points, but very reason epoch-making because they first brought the now generally accepted rules of historical research in this field to apply. With the Tübingen professor colleagues Heinrich Ewald Baur, however, had to discharge a year-long feud.

Works (selection)

  • The epochs of church historians, Tübingen 1852.
  • The Tübingen School and its position relative to the present, Fues -Verlag, Tübingen, 1959 ( see web link).
  • History of the Christian Church. Five volumes, Tübingen, L. Fr Fues [ Reprint: Leipzig 1969 ]. First volume: Christianity and the Christian church of the first three centuries, Tübingen, 1853, 3rd edition 1863.
  • Second volume: The Christian Church from the beginning of the fourth to the end of the sixth century in the main moments of its development, Tübingen 1859 [ first separately ], 1863.
  • Third volume: The Christian Church of the Middle Ages to the main moments of their development [ after the death of the author ed. Ferdinand Friedrich Baur, Doctor of Philosophy, professor at the Gymnasium in Tübingen ], Tübingen 1861, 2nd edition 1869.
  • Fourth Band: First period: From the beginning of the Reformation to the beginning of the eighteenth century, Second Period: The eighteenth century, Tübingen 1863.
  • Fifth Band: Ecclesiastical History of the nineteenth century, [ ed after the author's death. by Eduard Zeller ], Tübingen 1862; 2nd edition, 1877.

Modern editions of her work

  • Ferdinand Christian Baur: Selected Works in Single, 5 vols, ed. by Klaus Scholder. From man - Holzboog, Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt 1963-1975, ISBN 978-3-7728-0040-5
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