Filipino language

Spoken in

• Austronesian Malayo - Polynesian Western Malayo -Polynesian Zentralphilippinisch Filipino

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Fil

Fil

Filipino ( tagalog Wikang Filipino, Filipino Language ' ) is the official name of a speech level of Tagalog as official and national language of the Philippines.

History

On November 13, 1937, the first National Assembly of the Philippines creating the Institute of National Language ( Surian ng Wikang Pambansa ) that certain Tagalog the basis of the new national language. After disputes with the representatives of other regional languages ​​, especially in the 1950s they were named ( Other sources indicate 1956 ) 1961 into Pilipino. Finally, in 1978 it received its current name Filipino was determined and the language of instruction in all public schools. As a language designed for you to be the lingua franca of the islands, they should take the words of the various Philippine regional languages ​​, while it has the grammar of Tagalog as the basis.

Spelling

During the Spanish colonization, the Latin alphabet was introduced with Spanish sound values ​​in the Philippine languages ​​in the 16th century. In the development of the Tagalog -based national language Lope K. Santos wrote the Balarila ng Wikang Pambansa and led the Abakada with 20 letters in which only ever one letter a meaning -bearing According to this language represents. The 20 letters of the Abakada are abkdeghilmn ng oprstuw y. The Institute for the national language of the Philippines inaugurated the new language in 1973. 1976 was the alphabet of 31 letters, including the 26 letters of the English alphabet plus the Spanish letter ñ, ll, rr, and ch and the Tagalog ng. In actual use, however, digraphs are considered the two letters, of which they consist. 1987 alphabet was again modified by the. From Spanish next RR, LL and ch again removed to give 28 points remained

Phonology

Filipino / Tagalog is a vowel -rich language, / a / is the most common by far vowel. Syllable is always a consonant, this may / be the glottal plosive / ʔ. Indigenous words have syllables of construction Cons - vowel and vowel - Kons Kons, combinations of consonants within a syllable are rare. The syllables are pronounced clearly separated, syllable joints are not present.

Morphology

Filipino / Tagalog has mainly two-syllable word stems, the majority of which is stressed on the last syllable. These can be unaffigiert used as noun, adjective or adverb. The language has a large number of prefixes to be used individually and in combination. There are also two suffixes - on and - in and two infixes -in- and - around -. From exceptions, the affixes are not wortartspezifisch. A clear division into parts of speech is problematic, hence the vocabulary in content words ( verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs ) and particulate matter is divided with two sub-groups function words and single words.

Verbs have special morphological characteristics that make them distinguishable from other parts of speech. Verb forms are always affigiert (but it can also be the root word unaffigierte be used as shorthand ). All verbs have an inflection paradigm for tense (or aspect ), each with a form for past, present and future. There is also a " timeless design " (often called nominative ), which can be " sometime at any time " with circumscribed. From a root word multiple active and passive verbs are gebidet usually, each with their own inflection paradigm. In principle, active and passive verbs in their construction the same, the language attracts passive verbs remains significantly. For active verbs the inflection paradigm is supplemented by one or more gerunds. Filipino verbs do not have a passenger and number inflection ( with one exception, the other parts of speech not ), so that Filipino / Tagalog is a language flexionsarme.

Syntax

The Filipino rule set consists of two equal parts, which can be referred to as predicate and subject. In general, the subject follows the predicate. Independent phrases can expand the set. All other phrases ( phrases ) are part of predicate and subject and subordinate to this cascade. The subject has a special property that the semantic definiteness. If there is no certainty, the corresponding phrase can not be a subject in the sentence. In particular, the subject can not be obtained.

A peculiarity of the Filipino language is that the functional phrases (next predicate and subject, there are four more ) usually monosyllabic determiners are prefixed to indicate the syntactic function of the phrase, but have no semantic content. Therefore, it can often chosen freely in Filipino set the order of the phrases, because their function in the sentence or in a subordinate phrase is uniquely determined by the destination word. The system also allows the determination of words that almost every content word can be used in almost every function phrase. A relationship as in Indo-European languages ​​of predicate = verb and subject = noun so there is not, in particular, other words as verbs the predicate form (there are no auxiliary verbs, as they are not necessary ).

A filipinischer sentence contains a verb that is not necessarily Nevertheless, in the majority of Filipino sentences a verb is the predicate. An argument the verb becomes the subject: (this is then " in focus" of the verb ). This may be the culprit, however, is often the object of the crime or the recipient, the destination, a tool or another. Accordingly, a verb with a particular affixation is chosen from the family of words to indicate the semantic function of the focus and the other verb arguments. This focus dial allows a great variety of expression in Filipino set. In addition, also predicate and subject to exchange their syntactic functions. This makes it possible to assign a noun without semantic certainty the place of the predicate, while the verb takes the syntactic function of the subject and receives the command qualifier.

The Filipino language has a number of enclitic adverbs, which are readjusted their reference word. A special feature is that pronominal subjects ( and other pronouns ) also can behave enclitic and then can change Filipino sentence structure crucial.