Fowlpox

As a bird or fowl pox pox pox like a viral disease of birds is called, by the representatives of the genus avipoxviruses ( Poxviridae ) is caused. It is one of the notifiable animal diseases. The avian pox are highly contagious, the disease rate of infection was 100% mortality in a disease is, except for diseases with the canarypox, but only slightly. The avian pox are expressed in skin and mucosal changes, but may also extend septicemia.

Pathogen

Today we distinguish between up to 11 different avian pox viruses:

  • Avipoxvirus Serini ( canarypox ) ( CNPV - canarypox virus)
  • Avipoxvirus columbae ( pigeon pox virus) ( pGPV - Pigeonpox virus)
  • Avipoxvirus galli (chicken pox virus) ( FWPV - fowlpox virus)
  • Avipoxvirus meleagridis ( turkey pox virus) ( TKPV - Turkeypox virus)
  • Avipoxvirus Falconis ( Falk smallpox virus) (FPV - Falconpox virus)
  • Avipoxvirus fringillae ( Finke smallpox virus) ( JNPV - Juncopox virus)
  • Avipoxvirus acridotheridis ( shepherds Star smallpox virus) ( MYPV - Mynhapox virus)
  • Avipoxvirus coturnicis ( quail pox virus) ( QUPV - Quailpox virus)
  • Avipoxvirus passeri ( Sperling Spock virus) ( SRPV - Sparrowpox virus)
  • Avipoxvirus Sturni (Star smallpox virus) ( SLPV - Starlingpox virus)
  • Avipoxvirus psittaci ( parrot pox virus) ( PSPV - Psittacinepox virus)

When pigeon pox virus and turkey pox virus but it is not entirely clear whether it is their own species, or just variants of the chicken pox virus. The canarypox also differs immunologically distinct from the others representatives.

Avian pox viruses and diseases are detected at a variety of bird species worldwide. The host specificity is not very high, the individual representatives are also going to heterologous hosts over. However, an infection is triggered but usually only about insect bites / stings, not as usual, a transition from the heterologous host to the actual host does not take place probably by contact with virus-containing secretions. Avian pox viruses were also isolated from skin lesions in rhinos.

Avian pox viruses differ significantly from other poxviruses. They have the largest genome of all DNA viruses

Pathogenesis

The infection is usually by direct contact with infected animals or indirect contact with virus-containing material on the smallest skin and mucous membrane lesions, in heterologous hosts but only in wild birds mainly by insect bites ( mosquitoes ).

The incubation period is 8 days. At the site of infection, it first comes to a circumscribed redness of the skin, which transforms itself after one to two days in a papule, and shortly thereafter in a bark-like change ( " Primärpocke "). Following viral replication at the site of infection, the first washout occurs in the blood ( viremia ) and then to the colonization of the lymphoid organs and the liver. After a further propagation, a second viremia by which the disease is manifested in the skin, the mucous membranes or of the lung.

Infected animals excrete virus over the nose and eye secretions as well as the skin lesions.

Clinical picture

After the second viremia, the disease can manifest itself in various forms:

  • The form is characterized by papular skin changes, especially in unbefiederten regions around the eye, the beak approach, on the crest and on the uprights. The papules dry up, turn yellowish and brownish later and then fall off. In a mild course in connection frequently occur because of benign skin tumors.
  • The diphtheroid form is characterized by fibrinous deposits on the mucous membranes in the mouth, pharynx ( oropharynx ) and the larynx. The diphtheroid form may be combined with skin manifestations.
  • The septicemic form is reflected in general disturbances such as fatigue, loss of appetite and cyanosis. It ends usually fatal, occur without the typical pox -like lesions.

In psittacines special forms such as severe diphtheroid intestinal inflammation and necrosis of the heart muscle are described.

Combat

No treatment is possible. A live vaccine for the prophylaxis may be used. This is primarily administered during outbreaks of avian pox in uninfected animals. Ornamental birds should be vaccinated at least in larger stocks to protect against canarypox. The vaccine is administered intramuscularly or by piercing the skin flight ( wing -web method).

History

Avipox have long been known. 1873 pointed Bollinger first time after the inclusion bodies occurring in cells in infected animals. 1902 saw Marx and Sticker viral etiology based on filtrates. The final proof of viral nature was achieved by culturing 1930.

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