Francis Orpen Morris

Francis Orpen Morris ( * March 25, 1810 in Cobh, † February 10, 1893 in Nunburnholme ) was a clergyman of the Church of England and naturalist. Morris advocated for the protection of birds and was an outspoken opponent of vivisection. He lived in 1860 at a meeting of the annual meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, the Huxley - Wilberforce debate with and was a vehement opponent of the argument advanced by Charles Darwin 's theory of evolution.

Life and work

Francis Orpen Morris was the eldest son of Admiral of the Royal Navy Henry Gage Morris ( † 1852) and his wife Rebecca Newenham Millerd. After his family moved to Worcester in 1824, Morris was a student at the Bromsgrove School, which he attended until 1828. There he began to collect birds and insects. The next two years received private lessons from the Morris from East Garston originating in Berkshire Vicar JM Butt. On June 17, 1829, he matriculated at Worcester College, Oxford. At the request of the curator JL Duncan the Ashmolean Museum, Morris arranged while studying the insect collection of the museum again. At this time he became a member of the Ashmolean Society. 1833 Morris graduated and was ordained on August 3, 1834. He was briefly curator of Hanging Heaton at Dewsbury, Yorkshire and Taxal (Cheshire ), before moving to Doncaster. There, Morris was ordained a priest and practiced from October 1835 the Office of the Deputy Curator in Armthorpe from.

On January 1, 1835, he married Anne († 1877), the second daughter of Charles Sanders of Bromsgrove. From the marriage with her six daughters and three sons were born.

1837 Morris was put in charge of the Parish Ordsall near East Retford ( Nottinghamshire ). Around May 1842, he was chief curator of Crambe, a small between York and Malton situated Parish. On November 22, 1844 him the living of Nafferton in Yorkshire was awarded by the Archbishop Vernon Harcourt. There he spent the next new years. 1854 Morris was offered the small but lucrative Living by Nunburnholme, where he spent the rest of his life.

Morris was the author of numerous tracts and pamphlets, many of which should serve the moral and religious orientation, including Words of Wesley on Constant Communion (1869 ), Handbook of Hymns for the Sick Bedside (1877 ), The Darwin Craze (1880 ) and experiment on Living Animals ( 1890). He also wrote numerous letters, newspaper articles and articles for magazines that dealt with various topics. As the successor of his brother Beverley R. Morris he was from 1856 to 1860, the magazine The Naturalist out. For the first edition of the journal Animal World (1869 ), he wrote the article in British Birds and published in the next three years there regular articles. His numerous addressed to the Times on bird protection letters published Morris in 1880 in book form.

Morris wrote extensive, illustrated works of natural history. Together with the printer Benjamin Fawcett was Bible Natural History ( 1849-1850 ). There was a History of British Birds, which was completed seven and a half years from June 1850 initially in monthly expenses. He published the six-volume Natural History of the Nests and Eggs of British Birds (1853-1856) and A History of British Butterflies (1853 ) and County Seats of the Noblemen and Gentlemen of Great Britain and Ireland ( 1866-1880 ). After the collaboration with Fawcett published nor Morris A Natural History of British Moths ( 1859-1870 ).

As a proponent of natural theology Morris was a vehement opponent of the argument advanced by Charles Darwin 's theory of evolution. His views Darwin's theory was Morris in 1868 before a On the difficulties of Darwinism titled lecture at the meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science.

Morris was opponent of vivisection. His commitment to the protection of birds introduced in 1885 largely establishing the Plumage League. In December of the same year was one of the first members of Selbourne League. In recognition of his work as a naturalist he said, the government in 1888 an annual pension from the civil list of 100 pounds.

Writings (selection )

Francis Orpen Morris published among others the following headings:

  • A Guide to to Arrangement of British Birds. London 1834 (online).
  • An Essay on Scientific Nomenclature. A Paper read before the British Association. " York, 1844.
  • Bible Natural History. 1850 ( online).
  • Book of Natural History. Groombridge & Sons, London 1852 (online).
  • A Natural History of British Butterflies. Groombridge, London 1852 (online).
  • Comfort for the contrite. In 1854.
  • The Precepts of the Bible. In 1855.
  • A Natural History of the Nests and Eggs of British Birds. 3 volumes, Groombridge & Sons, London 1853-1856 (online).
  • A History of British Birds. 6 volumes, Groombridge & Sons, London 1850-1857 (online).
  • The Yorkshire Hymn Book. In 1860.
  • Records of Animal Sagacity and Character. Longman, Green, Longman, & Roberts, London 1861 ( online).
  • A Catechism of the Catechism. London 1864.
  • The County Seats of the Noblemen and Gentlemen of Great Britain and Ireland. , 1866.
  • The Difficulties of Darwinism. , 1869.
  • None but Christ. , 1869.
  • Dogs and Their Doings. S. W. Partridge & Co, London, 1870.
  • A Natural History of British Moths. 4 volumes, H. E. Knox, London 1871 ( online).
  • Anecdotes in Natural History. London 1872.
  • All the articles of the Darwin faith. Moffatt, Paige & Co, London 1875 (online).
  • The Gamekeeper 's Museum. Reprinted from the Times with Additions.
  • A Catalogue of British Insects
  • Plain Sermons for Plain People.
  • An Essay on Baptismal Eegeneration.
  • The Present System of Hiring Farm Servants. A Paper read before the DriflBeld Farmer 's Club.
  • A Letter to Archdeacon Wrangham on Supremacy.
  • A Family Prayer for Morning and Evening.
  • Words of Wesley on Constant Communion.
  • Illustrated Anecdotes in Natural History.
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